What are the pros and cons of using mixed methods in research?

1 Benefits of mixed methods

Using mixed methods can help you address complex and multifaceted research questions that require more than one type of data or analysis. For example, you can use quantitative data to measure the effects of an intervention, and qualitative data to explore the experiences and perceptions of the participants. By integrating both types of data, you can gain a deeper and richer insight into the phenomenon of interest, and validate or complement your findings. Mixed methods can also help you generate new hypotheses, identify gaps in the literature, and enhance the credibility and validity of your research.

3 Types of mixed methods

Mixed methods designs vary in purpose, timing, and weight of the quantitative and qualitative components. Convergent design involves collecting and analyzing both types of data separately, then comparing or merging them to draw conclusions. Explanatory design collects and analyzes quantitative data first, then uses qualitative data to explain or elaborate on the results. Exploratory design collects and analyzes qualitative data first, then uses quantitative data to test or generalize the findings. Embedded design embeds one type of data within another type of data either as a supplement or a core element of the study. Multiphase design conducts several phases of mixed methods research with its own purpose and design to address a broader research program.

4 How to choose a mixed method

When deciding to use a mixed method approach, there are several factors to consider, such as your research question, objectives, assumptions, context, and resources. To guide you in this process, ask yourself: what is the main purpose of using mixed methods? What type of data do you need to answer your research question and how will you collect and analyze it? Additionally, consider how you will integrate the quantitative and qualitative data concurrently or sequentially, and at what stage of the research process. Think about how you will balance the weight and importance of the two types of data, which one will be dominant or subordinate and why. Lastly, consider the ethical, practical, and theoretical issues that may arise from using mixed methods.

5 Examples of mixed methods

Mixed methods can be utilized in various fields and domains to answer research questions. For example, a convergent design can be used to measure the effect of a mindfulness-based intervention on reducing stress among teachers, using a randomized controlled trial to measure changes in stress levels, and interviews or surveys to assess teacher experiences and satisfaction. An explanatory design can be used to assess the influence of social media influencers on purchase intentions of young consumers, using surveys or experiments to measure the influence of different types of influencers, and focus groups or observations to understand consumer motivations and attitudes. Additionally, an exploratory design can be used to identify the factors that influence adoption of renewable energy sources in rural communities, using interviews or case studies to identify barriers and facilitators of renewable energy use, and questionnaires or censuses to measure prevalence and patterns of renewable energy use.