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What are the most important trends in electronic control units for automotive electronics?

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Electronic control units (ECUs) are the brains of modern automotive electronics, managing various functions such as engine, transmission, braking, steering, and infotainment. As vehicles become more connected, autonomous, and electrified, ECUs need to keep up with the increasing demands for performance, security, and efficiency. In this article, we will explore some of the most important trends in ECU design and development that are shaping the future of automotive electronics.

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KANAGASABAPATHY P

Head of Presales & BD at Hitachi Energy

1 Modular and scalable architectures

One of the main challenges for ECU developers is to cope with the growing complexity and diversity of vehicle models and features. A traditional approach is to use dedicated ECUs for each function, resulting in a large number of devices that consume more power, space, and wiring. A more efficient and flexible solution is to adopt modular and scalable architectures that allow multiple functions to share common hardware and software platforms. This reduces the cost, weight, and size of the ECU system, while enabling faster integration and customization of new features.

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Ka Chi K.
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- Transition to Zonal E/E Architectures: Moving from many distributed ECUs to larger zonal computing platforms consisting of a fewer number of high-power centralized modular computers. Allows scalability. - Shift to Domain Controllers: Domain controllers consolidate multiple vehicle functions into a single ECU with a modular hardware design. Example - body controller, vehicle dynamics controller. Enables scalability as per vehicle requirements.

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2 High-performance computing and networking

Another key trend in ECU design is to leverage high-performance computing and networking technologies to enable more advanced and intelligent functions. For example, autonomous driving requires ECUs that can process massive amounts of data from sensors, cameras, and radars, and communicate with other vehicles and infrastructure. To achieve this, ECUs need to use powerful processors, such as microcontrollers, microprocessors, or system-on-chips, that can support artificial intelligence, machine learning, and computer vision. Moreover, ECUs need to use high-speed and reliable networking protocols, such as Ethernet, CAN FD, or FlexRay, that can handle the data traffic and ensure safety and security.

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3 Over-the-air updates and diagnostics

A third important trend in ECU development is to enable over-the-air (OTA) updates and diagnostics, which allow remote and wireless delivery of software updates, patches, and fixes to the ECUs. This offers several benefits, such as improving the performance, functionality, and security of the ECUs, reducing the need for physical visits to service centers, and enhancing customer satisfaction and loyalty. However, OTA updates and diagnostics also pose some challenges, such as ensuring the compatibility and integrity of the software, protecting the data and privacy of the users, and managing the bandwidth and latency of the wireless connection.

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KANAGASABAPATHY P

Head of Presales & BD at Hitachi Energy
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Remote asset management is a possible method to address the ever increasing need for safety, reliability and operational efficiency of electrical networks.

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4 Cybersecurity and functional safety

A fourth crucial trend in ECU design is to ensure cybersecurity and functional safety, which are essential for the reliability and trustworthiness of the automotive electronics. Cybersecurity refers to the protection of the ECUs from unauthorized access, manipulation, or attack by malicious actors, who may attempt to steal data, cause damage, or compromise safety. Functional safety refers to the prevention of harm to the passengers, pedestrians, or environment due to system failures or errors. To achieve these goals, ECUs need to implement various measures, such as encryption, authentication, firewalls, intrusion detection, redundancy, fault tolerance, and error correction.

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5 Electrification and hybridization

A fifth significant trend in ECU development is to support electrification and hybridization, which are the main drivers for reducing the environmental impact and fuel consumption of vehicles. Electrification and hybridization involve the use of electric motors, batteries, and power electronics to replace or supplement the internal combustion engine. This requires ECUs that can control and optimize the energy management, power distribution, and thermal management of the electric and hybrid systems. Additionally, ECUs need to integrate and coordinate with the conventional engine and transmission ECUs, as well as with the charging and grid infrastructure.

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Marcelo Luparele

Mining | Oil&Gás | Renewable energy | MBA |Total Quality Management |Coordenador da Qualidade | Quality Management System | Offshore Systems Engineering | Electrical Engineering | Brownfield & Greenfield Projects|
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Actually to help the transition for hybridization and electrification os not to focus in one type of energy source but to consider three or more sources. Eg: magnetic, hydrogen and solar energy sources.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Electrical Engineering

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What are the most important trends in electronic control units for automotive electronics?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 Modular and scalable architectures

2 High-performance computing and networking

3 Over-the-air updates and diagnostics

4 Cybersecurity and functional safety

5 Electrification and hybridization

6 Here’s what else to consider

Electrical Engineering

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What are the most important trends in electronic control units for automotive electronics?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 Modular and scalable architectures

2 High-performance computing and networking

3 Over-the-air updates and diagnostics

4 Cybersecurity and functional safety

5 Electrification and hybridization

6 Here’s what else to consider

Electrical Engineering

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