What are the most important data reporting standards in scientific research?

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Data reporting is a crucial aspect of scientific research, as it allows researchers to communicate their findings, methods, and implications to the wider community. However, data reporting also comes with ethical and practical challenges, such as ensuring accuracy, transparency, reproducibility, and integrity of the data and the analysis. To address these challenges, various data reporting standards have been developed and adopted by different disciplines, journals, and organizations. In this article, we will explore some of the most important data reporting standards in scientific research and how they can help you improve your data analytics skills.

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1 FAIR principles

One of the most widely recognized data reporting standards in scientific research is the FAIR principles, which stand for Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable. These principles aim to make data more discoverable, accessible, and reusable by both humans and machines, as well as to facilitate data integration and analysis across different sources and domains. To follow the FAIR principles, data should have a unique and persistent identifier, a clear and standardized metadata, a license that specifies the terms of use, and a compatible format that allows interoperability.

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Achim Reiz

Build High-Quality Knowledge Graphs. With neonto.
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Often, people think that FAIR means open and free accessible for all. But that does not need to be the case. FAIR is about giving clear guidelines on how to find your data, and what you can and are allowed to do with it. Organizations can make their internal data FAIR, allowing greater interoperability. They do not need to be open source: You can add a commercial license while being fair, e.g., if you'd like to sell your data in a data space.

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2 ARRIVE guidelines

Another important data reporting standard in scientific research is the ARRIVE guidelines, which stand for Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments. These guidelines are designed to improve the quality and transparency of animal research, as well as to reduce the risk of bias, error, and duplication. The ARRIVE guidelines provide a checklist of 20 items that researchers should report when publishing their animal studies, such as the number and characteristics of the animals, the experimental design and procedures, the statistical methods and results, and the ethical considerations and compliance.

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OJ Taiwo MBA, MCIM

Business Data Scientist | Marketing Data Analyst | Expert in IT, Marketing & Digital Transformation
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The ARRIVE guidelines remained a significant standard for reporting animal research in scientific publications. Compliance with these guidelines aimed to improve the quality and transparency of such studies. However, it's important to note that scientific standards and guidelines may evolve over time, So, I will recommend staying updated with the latest requirements and recommendations in the scientific community Because it is essential for researchers involved in animal studies.

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3 CONSORT statement

The CONSORT statement is a data reporting standard for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which are considered the gold standard for evaluating the effectiveness of interventions in health care. The CONSORT statement consists of a 25-item checklist and a flow diagram that describe the essential information that researchers should report when conducting and publishing RCTs, such as the trial registration, the randomization and allocation methods, the intervention and comparison groups, the outcome measures and analysis, and the harms and limitations.

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4 STROBE statement

The STROBE statement is a data reporting standard for observational studies, which are studies that examine the association between exposures and outcomes without intervening or manipulating the variables. Observational studies are common in epidemiology, public health, and social sciences, but they also pose challenges in terms of validity, reliability, and causality. The STROBE statement provides a 22-item checklist that covers the key aspects of reporting observational studies, such as the study design and rationale, the setting and participants, the variables and data sources, the bias and confounding factors, and the results and interpretation.

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5 TOP guidelines

The TOP guidelines are a data reporting standard for enhancing the transparency and openness of research practices, such as data sharing, preregistration, replication, and meta-analysis. The TOP guidelines consist of eight modular standards that can be adopted by journals, funders, and organizations to promote more rigorous and reproducible research. The standards range from level 0 (no requirement) to level 3 (strictest requirement) and address issues such as citation, data availability, analysis code, materials, design and analysis plan, study preregistration, analysis plan preregistration, and replication.

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6 COREQ checklist

The COREQ checklist is a data reporting standard for qualitative research, which is a type of research that explores the meanings, experiences, and perspectives of people and phenomena using methods such as interviews, focus groups, observations, and documents. Qualitative research can provide rich and nuanced insights into complex and context-specific issues, but it also requires careful and transparent reporting to ensure credibility, trustworthiness, and transferability. The COREQ checklist consists of 32 items that cover the domains of research team and reflexivity, study design, and analysis and findings.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Ibrahím N.

Data Science | MSc in Economics and Data Analysis | Microsoft Certified Data Analyst
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I think one of the hugest challenges of a research reporting is a trade-off between the confidentiality of data and scalability of it. Most of the research work in academics offer the findings but never gives the data.

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What are the most important data reporting standards in scientific research?

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1 FAIR principles

2 ARRIVE guidelines

3 CONSORT statement

4 STROBE statement

5 TOP guidelines

6 COREQ checklist

7 Here’s what else to consider

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