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What are the most effective ways to optimize the control system of a wind-diesel hybrid power system?

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Wind-diesel hybrid power systems (WDHPS) are a common solution for remote communities and islands that rely on diesel generators for electricity but want to reduce fuel consumption and emissions by integrating wind turbines. However, managing the balance between wind and diesel power sources and ensuring the stability and reliability of the system can be challenging. In this article, you will learn about some of the most effective ways to optimize the control system of a WDHPS, which can improve its performance, efficiency, and sustainability.

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Shadi Abdelkareem aleryani

Professional Electrical Engineering at OMV Oil & Gas Field
Mudassir Hussain, PE (PEC), NEBOSH IGC

Safety Engineer | HSE Trainer | Lead Engineer Facilities Management | O&M Specialist Rotating Equipment (Rotorcraft…

1 Wind-diesel control modes

The control system of a WDHPS can operate in different modes depending on the wind availability, the load demand, and the system configuration. Commonly, these modes are diesel-only, diesel-wind, and wind-only. Diesel-only mode is used when there is no or very low wind, and the diesel generators provide all the power to the load. Diesel-wind mode is used when there is enough wind to produce some power, so both the diesel generators and wind turbines are connected to match the load. Lastly, wind-only mode is used when there is excess wind power that exceeds the load demand; in this case, the diesel generators are switched off and a dump load or storage device is used to absorb surplus power. The control system should be able to switch between these modes automatically and with smoothness in order to optimize the use of wind energy and minimize diesel consumption.

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Shadi Abdelkareem aleryani

Professional Electrical Engineering at OMV Oil & Gas Field
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When wind energy is enough to meet consumer demand, DG can be turned off and excess wind energy can be stored in the ESS. But in the event that RES power is insufficient, the hybrid system operating mode is chosen by choosing a suitable dispatch strategy that assesses how feasible it is to turn each system element on or off at a specific time. An essential part of the hybrid plant, the EMS handles the challenge of maintaining power balance between the system's constituent parts, guaranteeing the system's dependable and effective functioning overall. An EMS with rules is the most basic type of EMS. It selects the energy source to use based on established rules and decides on the mode of operation for the system.

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Mudassir Hussain, PE (PEC), NEBOSH IGC

Safety Engineer | HSE Trainer | Lead Engineer Facilities Management | O&M Specialist Rotating Equipment (Rotorcraft, Gas Turbines, Aeroderivative, Mechanical) | Ex-Colonel, Army Aviation | 9K+ Followers | 24+ Years
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Optimizing the control system of a wind-diesel hybrid power system involves ensuring efficient integration and operation of both the wind and diesel components to maximize overall system performance. Here are some effective ways to optimize the control system: ? Load Management ? Power Forecasting ? Energy Storage Integration ? Hybrid System Control ? Variable-Speed Diesel Generators ? Fault Detection and Diagnostics ? Communication and Networking ? Remote Monitoring and Control ? System Modelling and Simulation ? Regulatory Compliance

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2 Wind-diesel control strategies

The control system of a WDHPS can adopt different strategies to achieve the optimal balance between wind and diesel power sources and to ensure the stability and reliability of the system. For instance, frequency control strives to keep the system frequency within a certain range by adjusting the output of the diesel generators and the wind turbines. The diesel generators act as primary controllers, while the wind turbines act as secondary controllers, using either pitch or stall control to vary their output. Voltage control is another strategy, which seeks to maintain the system voltage within a specified range by adjusting the reactive power output of the diesel generators and the wind turbines. The diesel generators take on primary voltage controllers roles, while the wind turbines become secondary voltage controllers, using either power electronics or induction generators to vary their reactive power output. Lastly, power dispatch control attempts to optimize the power output of the diesel generators and the wind turbines based on load demand and wind availability. The diesel generators act as base load providers, while the wind turbines become peak load providers, using either power electronics or induction generators to vary their active power output.

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Shadi Abdelkareem aleryani

Professional Electrical Engineering at OMV Oil & Gas Field
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The load following (LF), cycle charging (CC), generator order (GO), and combination dispatch (CmD) are some of the fundamental dispatch strategies. When load following (LF) is chosen, the generator has sufficient capacity to meet load demand. Ensuring that customers have a dependable source of electric power is a top priority. When the generator is operating in CC, all of its available energy is used to power the ESS. Here, the ESS is quite important. In areas where the potential for RES is modest, a strategy like this may work well. Consumer demand is met by a predetermined order of generator combinations with appropriate power in the GO method. ESS are used when necessary. Load forecasting methods are not necessary for CmD.

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3 Wind-diesel control challenges

The control system of a WDHPS faces several challenges that can affect its performance, efficiency, and sustainability. These include uncertainty and variability of the wind resource, limited spinning reserve and inertia, communication and coordination issues, and economic and environmental trade-offs. For instance, the wind speed and direction can change rapidly and unpredictably, causing fluctuations in the wind power output. This can create power quality and stability issues. Additionally, the diesel generators and the wind turbines have limited ability to respond to sudden changes in the load demand or the wind power output, leading to frequency and voltage deviations. Furthermore, different control devices and protocols can create communication and coordination issues for the system. Finally, the diesel generators and the wind turbines have different operational costs and environmental impacts, which can create trade-offs for the system.

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4 Wind-diesel control optimization and tuning

The control system of a WDHPS can be optimized and tuned to overcome challenges, improve performance, efficiency, and sustainability. Data analysis and modeling is an effective way to understand and predict the system behavior and dynamics, as well as identify and quantify the key parameters and variables that affect the system operation and control. Additionally, control design and selection should be based on the data analysis results, considering system objectives, constraints, requirements, and characteristics. Control testing and validation should be done in a laboratory or field environment to compare actual and expected results. Finally, control tuning and adaptation should be done based on the control testing results, taking into account system feedback, changes, and disturbances. Manual or automatic methods such as trial-and-error, optimization, or learning algorithms can be used for this purpose.

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Shadi Abdelkareem aleryani

Professional Electrical Engineering at OMV Oil & Gas Field
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Ways to enhance the WT control system as: - Wind Forecast The ability to predict system behavior in advance is crucial for resolving the issues of steady frequency value maintenance and economical load dispatch. - Maximum Power Point Tracking The MPPT controller determines the WT optimal operating mode. The goal of the MPPT is to maintain the highest feasible turbine power factor and, as a result, the highest possible power production. - Pitch Control The energy production efficiency of WT cutoff at wind speeds higher than the cutoff speed is reduced. There should be a compromise b/w acheiving highest power production and satisfying structural and operational safety regulations, to solve the objectives of successful WT management.

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Engr. Farhan Ahmad

Electrical Design Engineer (LV & MV Switchgear Panels Designing) I Eplan Electric P8 | AutoCAD Electrical l Expert in Electrical Panels Designing | Siemens | Schneider | ABB | Master in Electrical Engineering
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In regions with high renewable energy sources (RES) potential, hybrid energy systems based on diesel generators (DG) and RES are used providing diesel fuel economy. Wind diesel hybrid systems (WDHS) and wind solar diesel hybrid systems (WSDHS) are mostly widespread. The WDHS control system should select the system’s optimum operation, providing the maximum use of wind power within the whole range of wind speeds and load power.?The current algorithms and control methods of WDHS and integrated WT, providing optimal scheduling and diesel fuel economy.?WDHS use energy management system (EMS) and algorithms, maintaining frequency and voltage values in the system.

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5 Wind-diesel control benefits and best practices

The control system of a WDHPS can provide several benefits to system owners, operators, and users, such as reducing fuel consumption and emissions, improving power quality and stability, enhancing reliability and resilience, and increasing economic and environmental sustainability. To achieve these benefits, some best practices should be followed: conducting an assessment of the wind resource, load demand, and system configuration; choosing compatible control modes; implementing a robust and flexible control system; applying a systematic process of data analysis and modeling; monitoring and evaluating performance; and updating and improving the control system.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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What are the most effective ways to optimize the control system of a wind-diesel hybrid power system?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 Wind-diesel control modes

2 Wind-diesel control strategies

3 Wind-diesel control challenges

4 Wind-diesel control optimization and tuning

5 Wind-diesel control benefits and best practices

6 Here’s what else to consider

Power Engineering

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What are the most effective ways to optimize the control system of a wind-diesel hybrid power system?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 Wind-diesel control modes

2 Wind-diesel control strategies

3 Wind-diesel control challenges

4 Wind-diesel control optimization and tuning

5 Wind-diesel control benefits and best practices

6 Here’s what else to consider

Power Engineering

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