What are the most effective ways to identify groundwater sources in construction sites?

2 Hydrological testing

Hydrological testing is a direct method that involves pumping water from or injecting water into a well or borehole and measuring the changes in water levels and pressures. This can help determine the yield, storage, and transmissivity of the aquifer, as well as the hydraulic connection and interference between wells. Hydrological testing can also identify potential contaminants and water quality issues. Hydrological testing can provide accurate and site-specific data, but it requires drilling and installation of equipment, which can be costly and time-consuming.

3 Geological mapping

Geological mapping is a field-based method that involves observing and recording the features and characteristics of the surface and subsurface rocks and soils. This can help infer the type, distribution, and structure of the aquifers, as well as the recharge and discharge areas, groundwater flow directions, and potential hazards. Geological mapping can also provide clues about the history and evolution of the groundwater system. Geological mapping can provide valuable contextual and qualitative data, but it requires expert knowledge and fieldwork, which can be limited by accessibility and weather conditions.

4 Remote sensing

Remote sensing is a method that uses aerial or satellite images and sensors to collect data about the surface and subsurface conditions. This can help identify the vegetation, land use, topography, geology, and hydrology of the area, which can indicate the presence and availability of groundwater. Remote sensing can also monitor the changes in groundwater levels and quality over time and space. Remote sensing can provide comprehensive and updated data, but it requires advanced technology and analysis, which can be expensive and complex.

5 Hydrogeological modeling

Hydrogeological modeling is a method that uses mathematical equations and computer software to simulate and predict the behavior and dynamics of the groundwater system. This can help evaluate the effects of different scenarios, such as climate change, land use change, groundwater abstraction, or contamination, on the quantity and quality of the groundwater. Hydrogeological modeling can also support the planning and management of the groundwater resources and the construction activities. Hydrogeological modeling can provide powerful and flexible data, but it requires reliable input data and calibration, which can be uncertain and variable.

6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?