What are the most effective policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in cities?

1 Energy efficiency

One of the most cost-effective and impactful ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in cities is to improve the energy efficiency of buildings, transport, and infrastructure. Energy efficiency measures can save money, reduce energy demand, and enhance comfort and health for residents and workers. Some examples of energy efficiency policies are: retrofitting existing buildings with insulation, LED lighting, and smart meters; promoting green building standards and codes for new constructions; encouraging the use of public transport, cycling, and walking; and investing in renewable energy sources and smart grids.

2 Waste management

Another major source of greenhouse gas emissions in cities is waste management. Landfills, incinerators, and open dumps emit methane, carbon dioxide, and other pollutants that contribute to global warming and harm human health. Waste management policies can help cities reduce their waste generation, increase their recycling and composting rates, and capture and utilize their landfill gas. Some examples of waste management policies are: implementing waste reduction and segregation programs; providing incentives and infrastructure for recycling and composting; and developing waste-to-energy projects that convert waste into electricity, heat, or biogas.

3 Urban planning

Urban planning is a crucial tool for shaping the spatial and social structure of cities and influencing their environmental performance. Urban planning policies can help cities create compact, mixed-use, and livable neighborhoods that reduce the need for private car use, enhance the quality of life, and foster social cohesion. Some examples of urban planning policies are: implementing transit-oriented development and smart growth strategies; preserving and expanding green spaces and urban forests; and promoting participatory and inclusive urban governance.

4 Climate action plans

Climate action plans are comprehensive and strategic documents that outline the goals, targets, actions, and indicators for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and adapting to climate change in cities. Climate action plans can help cities align their policies with the global agenda, mobilize resources and stakeholders, and monitor and evaluate their progress. Some examples of climate action plans are: setting science-based emission reduction targets and timelines; conducting greenhouse gas inventories and vulnerability assessments; and implementing mitigation and adaptation measures across sectors and scales.

5 Co-benefits and synergies

Co-benefits and synergies are the positive outcomes and interactions that result from implementing policies that address both greenhouse gas emissions and other urban challenges. Co-benefits and synergies can help cities enhance their efficiency, effectiveness, and equity in pursuing their climate and development goals. Some examples of co-benefits and synergies are: improving air quality and public health; creating green jobs and economic opportunities; and reducing poverty and inequality.

6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?