What are the most effective methods for selecting materials in Materials Science?

1 Ashby Method

One of the most widely used methods for selecting materials is the Ashby method, developed by Professor Michael Ashby in the 1980s. The Ashby method is based on the idea of using material property charts, also known as Ashby charts, to compare and rank different materials based on their performance indices. A performance index is a combination of material properties that reflects the desired function of the material, such as stiffness, strength, toughness, or conductivity. For example, a performance index for a beam under bending stress is E^1/2/ρ, where E is the modulus of elasticity and ρ is the density of the material. By plotting the performance index against another relevant property, such as cost or environmental impact, one can identify the optimal materials for the given application.

2 CES EduPack

Another effective method for selecting materials is to use software tools that facilitate the analysis and comparison of different materials based on various criteria. One of the most popular software tools for materials selection is CES EduPack, developed by Granta Design in collaboration with Professor Ashby. CES EduPack is a comprehensive database of materials and processes that allows users to explore, filter, and select materials based on their requirements and constraints. CES EduPack also provides interactive tools for creating and displaying Ashby charts, as well as other features, such as eco-audits, case studies, and tutorials.

3 Decision Matrix

A third effective method for selecting materials is to use a decision matrix, also known as a weighted matrix or a Pugh matrix. A decision matrix is a simple and intuitive tool that helps users to evaluate and compare different options based on multiple criteria and weights. To use a decision matrix, one needs to list the possible materials as rows and the relevant criteria as columns. Then, one needs to assign a weight to each criterion based on its importance and a score to each material based on its performance. The score can be either numerical or qualitative, such as good, fair, or poor. The final score for each material is calculated by multiplying the weight and the score for each criterion and summing them up. The material with the highest final score is the best choice for the given application.

4 Material Selection Strategy

A fourth effective method for selecting materials is to follow a material selection strategy, which is a systematic and logical process that guides users through the various stages of materials selection. A material selection strategy typically consists of four steps: defining the problem, screening the materials, ranking the materials, and documenting the results. Defining the problem involves identifying the function, objectives, and constraints of the material. Screening the materials involves eliminating the materials that do not meet the basic requirements, such as mechanical, thermal, chemical, or electrical properties. Ranking the materials involves comparing the materials that pass the screening based on their performance indices, costs, or other criteria. Documenting the results involves recording and presenting the rationale and the outcome of the material selection process.

5 Material Selection Case Studies

A fifth effective method for selecting materials is to learn from material selection case studies, which are examples of real-world applications that illustrate how different materials are chosen and used for specific purposes. Material selection case studies can provide valuable insights, lessons, and best practices for materials selection, as well as inspire new ideas and innovations. Material selection case studies can be found in various sources, such as textbooks, journals, websites, or podcasts. Some examples of material selection case studies are the selection of materials for a bicycle frame, a hip implant, a solar cell, or a bulletproof vest.

6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?