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What are the most common IAM policy violations and how to avoid them?

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Identity and access management (IAM) is a crucial component of information security, as it ensures that only authorized users can access the right resources for the right purposes. However, IAM policies can also be violated, either intentionally or unintentionally, by users, administrators, or attackers, leading to security breaches, data leaks, or compliance issues. In this article, we will discuss some of the most common IAM policy violations and how to avoid them.

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1 Weak or shared passwords

One of the most basic and common IAM policy violations is using weak or shared passwords to access sensitive systems or data. Weak passwords are easy to guess or crack, while shared passwords expose the identity and privileges of multiple users to potential misuse or compromise. To avoid this violation, you should enforce strong password policies, such as requiring minimum length, complexity, and expiration, and use multifactor authentication (MFA) whenever possible. You should also educate your users about the risks of sharing passwords and provide them with secure tools to store and manage their credentials.

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Devin Price, MS, CISSP, CAPM

Security Technical Program Manager @ Microsoft ?????? ??Protecting billions of customers from emerging security threats????Creator of "Vulnerability Submission Reviewer" GPT ?? ?? Host of "The Talking Tech Podcast"???
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Weak or shared passwords are common IAM policy violations because they expose the organization to unnecessary risks of unauthorized access, data breaches, and cyberattacks. Weak passwords are those that are easy to guess. Shared passwords are those that are used by more than one person, or across multiple accounts or devices. To avoid weak or shared passwords, organizations should implement and enforce strong password policies that require users to create complex, unique, and random passwords for each account or device. Users should also change their passwords regularly and use multi-factor authentication or password managers to enhance their security.

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2 Excessive or unused privileges

Another common IAM policy violation is granting excessive or unused privileges to users or applications, either by mistake or by design. Excessive privileges can allow users or applications to perform actions that are beyond their legitimate needs or roles, such as accessing confidential data, modifying critical settings, or installing unauthorized software. Unused privileges can create unnecessary attack vectors or vulnerabilities, as they can be exploited by malicious actors or compromised accounts. To avoid this violation, you should follow the principle of least privilege (PoLP), which means granting only the minimum level of access required for each task or function. You should also regularly review and revoke any privileges that are no longer needed or used.

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Niyati Daftary

Cybersecurity Research Analyst at Gartner | Research & Advisory | Ex - EY | Ex - Deloitte
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Excessive or unused privileges refer to unnecessary access rights granted to users, software, or systems beyond what is required for their roles or tasks. This can lead to security risks such as unauthorized access, data breaches, or misuse of resources. Unused privileges, on the other hand, are access rights that are allocated but not actively utilized, which can still pose security vulnerabilities if not properly managed or revoked. Implement the principle of least privilege, granting users only the minimum level of access required to perform their tasks. Regularly review and update permissions to ensure they align with current roles and responsibilities. Employ access control mechanisms such as RBAC and strong authentication measures.

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3 Insecure or outdated APIs

Application programming interfaces (APIs) are interfaces that allow different applications or systems to communicate and exchange data. APIs are essential for enabling interoperability and functionality, but they can also pose IAM policy violations if they are insecure or outdated. Insecure APIs can expose sensitive data or functionality to unauthorized or malicious parties, such as hackers, competitors, or rogue employees. Outdated APIs can introduce compatibility or performance issues, as well as security gaps or vulnerabilities. To avoid this violation, you should implement secure API design and development practices, such as using encryption, authentication, and authorization, and following industry standards and best practices. You should also update and patch your APIs regularly and monitor their usage and activity.

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Victorianne M.
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APIs facilitate communication and data exchange between applications but can lead to IAM policy violations if insecure or outdated. Insecure APIs risk exposing sensitive data to unauthorized parties, while outdated ones may cause compatibility issues or security gaps. Implement secure design practices like encryption, authentication, and authorization, adhering to industry standards. Regular updates, patches, and usage monitoring are vital to prevent violations and ensure API integrity.

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4 Lack of audit trails or logs

Audit trails or logs are records of the actions and events that occur within a system or application, such as who accessed what, when, where, and how. Audit trails or logs are essential for ensuring accountability and transparency, as well as detecting and investigating any IAM policy violations or anomalies. However, some systems or applications may lack audit trails or logs, either because they are not configured or enabled, or because they are tampered with or deleted. This can make it difficult or impossible to trace the source or impact of any IAM policy violations or incidents. To avoid this violation, you should enable and configure audit trails or logs for all your systems and applications, and store them in a secure and centralized location. You should also protect your audit trails or logs from unauthorized access or modification, and analyze them regularly for any signs of IAM policy violations or breaches.

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Victorianne M.
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APIs streamline application communication but can jeopardize IAM policies if vulnerable or obsolete. Insecurity in APIs can leak sensitive data, while outdated ones may trigger compatibility or security flaws. Employ secure protocols like encryption and authentication, following industry standards. Consistent updates, patches, and usage surveillance are pivotal to upholding policy integrity and API security.

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5 Improper or inconsistent IAM governance

IAM governance is the process of defining, implementing, and enforcing the policies, procedures, and standards for managing identity and access across an organization. IAM governance is crucial for ensuring that IAM policies are aligned with the business objectives, regulatory requirements, and security best practices. However, some organizations may have improper or inconsistent IAM governance, either because they lack a clear vision or strategy, or because they have multiple or conflicting IAM policies or systems. This can result in IAM policy violations, such as role confusion, access conflicts, or policy gaps or overlaps. To avoid this violation, you should establish and maintain a coherent and comprehensive IAM governance framework, that covers the entire identity and access lifecycle, from provisioning to deprovisioning. You should also harmonize and integrate your IAM policies and systems across your organization, and monitor and measure their effectiveness and compliance.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Sukumar Anandan CISM,CIAM

Principal Engineer - Identity and Access Management |Cloud Security| DAM |
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In my experience, building and enforcing robust IAM policies should include, 1. Use of complex passwords for all identities. 2. Shared ID vaulting. 3. API key rotations. 4. Use of MFA. 5. Periodic audit for excessive privileges and dormant accesses. 5. Risk Based Access Control. 6. Establishing entitlement based enterprize certification campaigns. 7. Implementing Zero Trust model wherever possible. 8.Leveraging AI/ML capabilities to analyze user behaviors. Most importantly creating user awareness through continuously training them on the organization's IAM polices, Instead of one mandatory training as an annual ritual.

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Yogesh Prasad Gairola

Security Lead | CISM | OSCP | ISO 27001 | PCI DSS | CEH
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A few IAM policy violations: 1- Unrestricted Resource Access 2- Inadequate Separation of Duties 3- Unrestricted Cross-Account Access 4- Ignoring Policy Versioning 5- Shared Access Keys

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Ewerton Lucena

Microsoft Azure Security | Analista de Seguran?a da Informa??o II na Zamp
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Configura??es inadequadas (Misconfigurations) s?o falhas nas configura??es de dispositivo e/ou políticas de seguran?a que podem levar a viola??es de dados e ataques cibernéticos. Existem vários ativos ou servi?os que podem possuir configura??es inadequadas, como Active Directory, Provedores de Identidade (IdP), API e rede. As ferramentas de CSPM monitoram e comparam as configura??es de seguran?a com baselines seguros e orientam a??es para corre??o das configura??es inadequadas. Abordar configura??es inadequadas é essencial para proteger os dados e sistemas.

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What are the most common IAM policy violations and how to avoid them?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 Weak or shared passwords

2 Excessive or unused privileges

3 Insecure or outdated APIs

4 Lack of audit trails or logs

5 Improper or inconsistent IAM governance

6 Here’s what else to consider

Information Security

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What are the most common IAM policy violations and how to avoid them?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 Weak or shared passwords

2 Excessive or unused privileges

3 Insecure or outdated APIs

4 Lack of audit trails or logs

5 Improper or inconsistent IAM governance

6 Here’s what else to consider

Information Security

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