What are the most common errors made by second language learners?

1 Interference errors

One of the main sources of errors for second language learners is interference, which means that your native language influences your second language in various ways. For example, you might transfer some sounds, words, or grammar rules from your native language to your second language, resulting in errors such as "She is very sympatic" or "I have 20 years". Interference errors can be reduced by exposing yourself to authentic input from your target language, such as movies, podcasts, or books, and by noticing the differences and similarities between the two languages.

2 Overgeneralization errors

Another common type of errors for second language learners is overgeneralization, which means that you apply a rule or a pattern from your second language too broadly, without considering the exceptions or the variations. For example, you might add an -s to form the plural of every noun, even if it is irregular, such as "childs" or "sheeps". Or you might use the same verb tense for every situation, even if it is inappropriate, such as "I live here since two years". Overgeneralization errors can be overcome by learning the specific rules and cases for your second language, and by practicing them with feedback and correction.

3 Developmental errors

A third type of errors for second language learners is developmental, which means that you make errors that are part of the natural process of acquiring a new language. These errors are not necessarily caused by your native language or by your lack of knowledge, but by your attempt to express more complex ideas or structures with your limited resources. For example, you might say "He can to swim" or "She no like chocolate", because you are trying to use modal verbs or negation, but you have not mastered them yet. Developmental errors are normal and expected, and they will disappear as you progress and improve your second language proficiency.

4 Performance errors

The last type of errors for second language learners is performance, which means that you make errors that are not related to your linguistic competence, but to your psychological or physical state. These errors are often caused by factors such as stress, fatigue, anxiety, or distraction, and they can affect anyone, even native speakers. For example, you might forget a word, mix up the order of words, or pronounce something incorrectly, because you are nervous, tired, or under pressure. Performance errors can be minimized by preparing yourself well, relaxing, and focusing on the message rather than the form.

Learning a second language is not an error-free process, but it is also not a hopeless one. By understanding the types and causes of errors, you can learn from your mistakes and improve your skills. Remember that errors are not signs of failure, but opportunities for growth and feedback. Happy learning!

5 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?