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What are the most accurate sources of geospatial data?

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Geospatial data is data that describes the location, shape, and attributes of objects or phenomena on the Earth's surface. Geospatial data can be used for various applications, such as mapping, navigation, planning, analysis, and decision making. However, not all geospatial data sources are equally accurate, and accuracy is crucial for reliable and effective use of geospatial data. In this article, you will learn what are the most accurate sources of geospatial data, and how to evaluate and improve the quality and accuracy of your geospatial data.

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Dr. Uwe Bacher

The Power of XYZ and time - Mapping for better Decisions
Ananda Fowler

Order from Chaos
Samba Guorgui MANE

Space Sciences and Technologies, Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (RS&GIS) and Renewable energy…

1 Satellite imagery

Satellite imagery is one of the most common and widely available sources of geospatial data. Satellite imagery provides high-resolution images of the Earth's surface, captured by sensors on orbiting satellites. Satellite imagery can be used to derive geospatial data such as land cover, elevation, vegetation, water, and urban areas. However, satellite imagery also has some limitations and challenges that affect its accuracy, such as atmospheric interference, cloud cover, geometric distortion, and temporal resolution. Therefore, satellite imagery needs to be processed, calibrated, and corrected before it can be used as a reliable source of geospatial data.

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Samba Guorgui MANE

Space Sciences and Technologies, Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (RS&GIS) and Renewable energy engineer.
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L'imagerie satellitaire c'est l'utilisation de satellites artificielles en orbite autour de la Terre pour capturer des images et des données de la surface terrestre, des océans et de l'atmosphère. Ces données offrent un vaste champs d'applications notamment la cartographie, la surveillance environnementale, l'agriculture, la gestion des ressources naturelles, la prévision météorologique, la surveillance des catastrophes naturelles, la défense et la sécurité. Sa couverture mondiale, sa capacité de collecter des données sur de vastes zones, sa répétitivité temporelle pour surveiller les changements au fil du temps, sa capacité à accéder à des zones géographiques difficiles à atteindre en font un outil indispensable et puissant.

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2 Aerial photography

Aerial photography is another source of geospatial data that involves capturing images of the Earth's surface from aircraft, drones, or balloons. Aerial photography can provide higher resolution and more detailed images than satellite imagery, especially for smaller areas and objects. Aerial photography can also capture more dynamic and diverse aspects of the Earth's surface, such as human activities, events, and changes. However, aerial photography also requires more resources, planning, and coordination than satellite imagery, and it can be affected by similar factors that reduce its accuracy, such as weather, lighting, distortion, and alignment. Therefore, aerial photography also needs to be validated, georeferenced, and adjusted before it can be used as a trustworthy source of geospatial data.

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Dr. Uwe Bacher

The Power of XYZ and time - Mapping for better Decisions
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To get the base or fundamental data for an Aera, one would usually use aerial or satellite images. What platform to chose depends on the project size and the accessibility of the project area. Areas blow 1 sqkm in size can be mapped with drones in a very detailed and precise way, for larger areas manned aircraft are the better choice. Here one needs to select the right sensor, Imagery or lidar or a combination of both. If the area is hard to access or the level of detail is lower, satellite data will be the right choice. In addition to data from above often mobile mapping is a good alternative or add-on, always depending on the purpose.

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Samba Guorgui MANE

Space Sciences and Technologies, Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (RS&GIS) and Renewable energy engineer.
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La photographie aérienne est à l’origine de la naissance de la télédétection avec la première photographie aérienne de Paris en 1858 par Félix Tournachon dit Nadar. En effet c’est une technique qui consiste à prendre des photographies de la surface terrestre à partir d'une plateforme aérienne, telle qu'un avion ou un drone. Cette méthode est utilisée pour obtenir des images de très haute résolution de zones spécifiques à des fins diverses telles que la cartographie, la planification urbaine, la surveillance environnementale, l'agriculture, l'archéologie, la gestion des ressources naturelles, et bien d'autres applications.

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3 Ground survey

Ground survey is a source of geospatial data that involves collecting data directly from the field, using instruments, sensors, or observations. Ground survey can provide the most accurate and precise geospatial data, as it can measure the location, shape, and attributes of objects or phenomena on the ground with minimal errors and uncertainties. Ground survey can also verify and validate the data derived from other sources, such as satellite imagery or aerial photography. However, ground survey also has some drawbacks and limitations that affect its feasibility, such as cost, time, access, safety, and scalability. Therefore, ground survey needs to be carefully planned, executed, and documented before it can be used as a definitive source of geospatial data.

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Alesger Mammedov

Head of Geographical ?nformation Systems division – "AzerGold" CJSC Recruitment
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Ie very detail and more accurace methodology to get data about interesting objects. It is provide coordinates, which help defined boundary if target onject like land parcel, drill holes, state are and etc.

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Ananda Fowler

Order from Chaos
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While there are more accurate methods in the scientific domain, there is nothing more accurate *and accessible* to the typical geospatial pro than static GNSS observations. Proper static GNSS should last at least two full satellite orbits. For GPS, an orbit is 11hr 58min, which means an optimal observation period for a single position should be more than 24 hours. Multi-frequency carrier phase observations, combined with proper mounts and hardware are vital for maximum accuracy. The latest updates on the NGS standards and modernization of OPUS (OPUS2) be found here: https://beta.ngs.noaa.gov/OPUS/ https://www.gpsworld.com/ngs-replacing-ngs-58-and-59-documents-specifications-for-gnss-geodetic-control-surveys-using-opus-projects/

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4 Volunteered geographic information

Volunteered geographic information (VGI) is a source of geospatial data that involves collecting data from the public, using platforms, tools, or devices that enable people to contribute geospatial information. VGI can provide a large amount of geospatial data that is diverse, dynamic, and up-to-date, as it can capture the local knowledge, perspectives, and experiences of people who live in or visit a place. VGI can also complement and enrich the data from other sources, such as satellite imagery or ground survey. However, VGI also has some challenges and risks that affect its accuracy, such as quality, consistency, reliability, and credibility. Therefore, VGI needs to be filtered, verified, and evaluated before it can be used as a valid source of geospatial data.

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Samba Guorgui MANE

Space Sciences and Technologies, Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (RS&GIS) and Renewable energy engineer.
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également appelé géolocalisation participative, l'information géographique volontaire est la collecte, la création et le partage de données géographiques par des individus via des dispositifs mobiles et des plateformes en ligne. Ce qui permet donc à des utilisateurs de contribuer avec des informations telles que des lieux, des évaluations, des photos géolocalisées, etc. Cela inclue une richesse de données, une mise à jour en temps réel, une couverture étendue et la participation citoyenne. Par contre la gestion et la qualité des données sont des défis à relever. En somme, cela complète les autres sources de données géographiques et offre de nouvelles perspectives sur notre environnement en constante évolution.

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5 Geospatial data quality and accuracy

Geospatial data quality and accuracy are not fixed or absolute, but rather depend on the purpose, context, and criteria of the data use. Different sources of geospatial data may have different levels of quality and accuracy, depending on the factors that influence their collection, processing, and dissemination. Therefore, it is important to understand the characteristics, strengths, and weaknesses of each source of geospatial data, and to apply appropriate methods and techniques to assess and improve the quality and accuracy of the geospatial data. Some of the methods and techniques that can be used to enhance the quality and accuracy of geospatial data include metadata, standards, quality indicators, quality control, quality assurance, and quality improvement.

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Ananda Fowler

Order from Chaos
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Useful standards, definitions and procedures: 1. ASPRS https://lnkd.in/gz93wqsU 2. lidR metrics https://lnkd.in/gsPctuBC 3. ULEM https://lnkd.in/gDNPR_iM 4. RICS https://lnkd.in/g-qX-tNN 5. NOAA https://lnkd.in/gpuZCNXi 6. USGS https://lnkd.in/gNTuqGUw 7. ASTM E2544-11A https://lnkd.in/gQARUakG 8. ASPRS Technote https://lnkd.in/gHsc7yF3 9. ICSM (Aus) https://lnkd.in/g4QRp6K5 10. JCGM 100:2008 (BIPM) https://lnkd.in/gGFc4ERn 11. ISO 98-1 https://lnkd.in/dzdPwD52 12. USAF https://lnkd.in/gP6rdVFU 13. NCHRB 08-174 (pending) https://lnkd.in/gfbwwy_n

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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What are the most accurate sources of geospatial data?

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2

3

4

5

6

1 Satellite imagery

2 Aerial photography

3 Ground survey

4 Volunteered geographic information

5 Geospatial data quality and accuracy

6 Here’s what else to consider

Information Systems

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What are the most accurate sources of geospatial data?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 Satellite imagery

2 Aerial photography

3 Ground survey

4 Volunteered geographic information

5 Geospatial data quality and accuracy

6 Here’s what else to consider

Information Systems

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