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What are the main challenges and benefits of polycentric urban planning?

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Polycentric urban planning is an approach that aims to create multiple centers of activity and connectivity within a metropolitan area, rather than relying on a single dominant core. This can have various advantages for economic, social, and environmental sustainability, but also poses some challenges for coordination, governance, and equity. In this article, you will learn about the main features, benefits, and drawbacks of polycentric urban planning, and some examples of how it is implemented in different contexts.

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1 Features of polycentric urban planning

Polycentric urban planning is based on the idea that a city can be composed of several sub-centers that have their own functions, identities, and networks, and that are well connected to each other and the surrounding regions. These sub-centers can be existing towns, suburbs, or new developments, and can vary in size, density, and specialization. Polycentric urban planning aims to distribute the population, jobs, services, and amenities more evenly across the urban area, reducing congestion, travel time, and carbon emissions, and increasing accessibility, diversity, and resilience.

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Rob Longley

Rethinking the Future of Work, Sustainable Communities, Government Services | Sustainability | Going Remote First Newsletter | Coach | Consultant
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The creation of business districts in the 50s and 60s was great for developers, and not so great for cities. Fast forward to today, offices sit at just over 50% vacancy. And the ecosystems that built up around offices - bars, restaurants, cleaning companies, and closed up shop in many cases. It's time to roll back the clocks and rediscover mixed use and develop multiple vibrant centers throughout cities. There are plenty of ways to reuse office buildings and bring life back to cities.

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2 Benefits of polycentric urban planning

Polycentric urban planning can offer several benefits for the economic, social, and environmental performance of a city. For example, it can enhance economic competitiveness and innovation through the formation of specialized activity clusters, as well as foster collaboration and knowledge exchange while attracting talent and investment. Additionally, it can improve social cohesion and inclusion by providing more opportunities for participation, empowerment, and cultural expression while reducing spatial segregation and inequality. Lastly, it can reduce environmental impact and increase resource efficiency by minimizing the need for long-distance commuting, encouraging the use of public and active transport modes, and promoting the conservation and regeneration of natural assets.

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Paul Rappoport

Director of Heritage 21 - Conservation and Heritage Consultants
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I absolutely agree. First wee must get rid of shopping centres and bring back the corner shop. Then we must change the zoning policies and allow light industrial commercial and resi to co-exist. The rest is detail.

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3 Challenges of polycentric urban planning

Polycentric urban planning presents its own set of challenges such as coordination and governance, equity and justice, and quality and diversity. Coordination and governance involve ensuring that sub-centers are well integrated and aligned with the city's vision, as well as effective collaboration between stakeholders. Equity and justice must be taken into account to avoid creating new forms of exclusion or marginalization, while quality and diversity should be maintained to uphold the unique character of each sub-center. Quality of life must be ensured by providing a range of services and amenities for residents and visitors.

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Ibrahim Hamdy

Senior Manager - Urban Design | LEED? GA, PMP?
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One of the unforseen challenges of polycentric Urban planning is sustainable socio-economic development plan for the sub-centers. Foundational economy of these sub-centers is often under estimated, the need for barber shop, pastry shop, electronics accessories store..etc. Such daily needs for the community, and their corresponding business development, require incentives to sustain operation and grow in the sub-center and avoid migration to downtown or main city center, for better infrastructure or higher number of walk-in customers.

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Paul Rappoport

Director of Heritage 21 - Conservation and Heritage Consultants
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A lot of this happens on its own if there is enough density and careful planning. Societies are based on differentially. Before you know it, you will have a village simultaneously adorned with both excellence and crime. It cannot be avoided.

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4 Examples of polycentric urban planning

Polycentric urban planning, a concept that has gained renewed attention and relevance in the 21st century, is being adopted by cities at the local or regional level. For example, London's spatial development strategy, the London Plan, identifies 45 opportunity areas as the main locations for accommodating growth and regeneration. The Randstad in the Netherlands is a polycentric metropolitan region consisting of four major cities and several smaller towns and rural areas with a high degree of functional integration. The Pearl River Delta in China is transforming into a world-class city cluster with a focus on innovation, sustainability, and livability.

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Paul Rappoport

Director of Heritage 21 - Conservation and Heritage Consultants
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Every urban centre that occurred before WW2 would have been polycentric in character. Our strange post-war planning regimes put a sorry end to all of that.

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5 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Paul Rappoport

Director of Heritage 21 - Conservation and Heritage Consultants
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I would like to add that the entire planning regime needs to be overhauled to bring multiple and diverse uses together. In my minds eye I think of Vietnam in which I see a shop next to a motor garage next to a restaurant next to a house next to a funeral parlour next to a bakery etc. Our Post WW2 planning systems wanted to separate out all of these things. And now, we want to bring them all back together again. I would certainly like to see that happen before I fall off this mortal coil.

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What are the main challenges and benefits of polycentric urban planning?

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1 Features of polycentric urban planning

2 Benefits of polycentric urban planning

3 Challenges of polycentric urban planning

4 Examples of polycentric urban planning

5 Here’s what else to consider

Urban Planning

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What are the main challenges and benefits of polycentric urban planning?

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1 Features of polycentric urban planning

2 Benefits of polycentric urban planning

3 Challenges of polycentric urban planning

4 Examples of polycentric urban planning

5 Here’s what else to consider

Urban Planning

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