Advanced materials and coatings are essential for improving the durability of automotive components. High-strength steel and ultra-high-strength steel can reduce weight and increase stiffness and crashworthiness of body structures and chassis. Aluminum alloys are widely used for engine blocks, cylinder heads, pistons, and wheels due to their ability to reduce weight and improve fuel efficiency. Magnesium alloys are even lighter than aluminum, have good damping properties, and are used for some engine parts, steering wheels, and instrument panels. Titanium alloys have high strength-to-weight ratio and excellent corrosion resistance, making them suitable for engine valves, springs, turbochargers, and exhaust systems. Composite materials such as carbon fiber reinforced plastics can reduce weight and improve aerodynamics of body panels and spoilers. Ceramic materials like silicon carbide and silicon nitride have high hardness and thermal stability, allowing them to withstand high temperatures and pressures in engine parts like pistons, cylinders, and bearings. Nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes and graphene can enhance the strength, toughness, and conductivity of other materials. Coatings like diamond-like carbon can reduce friction and wear of moving parts such as camshafts, gears, and bearings.