To effectively work with ESB, you need to understand the basic concepts and standards that define its functionality and features. These include messaging, routing, transformation, mediation, orchestration, and security. Messaging involves the exchange of data and commands between applications and services using various formats and protocols such as XML, JSON, SOAP, REST, JMS, and AMQP. Routing is the process of determining a message's destination and path based on its content, context, and rules. Transformation is the process of converting a message from one format or protocol to another. Mediation is the process of applying logic and policies to a message such as validation, filtering, enrichment, or aggregation. Orchestration is the process of coordinating and executing a sequence of tasks or services to achieve a business goal like a workflow or business process. Finally security ensures the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of messages and services by using encryption, authentication, authorization, and auditing. Additionally you should be familiar with the common standards and specifications that govern ESB such as WS-*, BPEL (Business Process Execution Language), BPMN (Business Process Model & Notation), etc.