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Last updated on 2024年10月3日

What are the key QoS parameters and metrics for VoIP and video conferencing?

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VoIP and video conferencing are essential tools for unified communications, but they require high-quality network performance to ensure clear and smooth communication. To measure and improve the quality of service (QoS) for these applications, you need to understand the key parameters and metrics that affect the user experience. In this article, we will explain what QoS is, why it matters, and how to monitor and optimize it for VoIP and video conferencing.

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1 What is QoS?

QoS is the ability of a network to provide different levels of priority, bandwidth, delay, jitter, and packet loss for different types of traffic. QoS is important for VoIP and video conferencing because they are sensitive to network conditions and need to have low latency, high reliability, and consistent quality. QoS can help prevent or minimize the degradation of voice and video quality due to network congestion, interference, or misconfiguration.

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Pravin Dudhade

Technical Specialist | BT Trading & Command | Trader Voice Technologies | VoIP at TCS
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QoS stands for Quality of Service, and in the VoIP and video conferencing world, it refers to the mechanisms and techniques used to ensure that voice and video data packets are prioritized and delivered efficiently over a network. QoS aims to maintain acceptable levels of service, such as low latency, minimal packet loss, and consistent bandwidth, to ensure clear and uninterrupted communication during VoIP calls and video conferences.

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Rachelle Schmersal

Co-Founder at CloudNow Consulting | Technology Solutions Consultant | Cloud Strategist
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Key QoS (Quality of Service) parameters for VoIP and video conferencing include latency, jitter, packet loss, and bandwidth. Latency should be low for real-time communication. Jitter, the variation in latency, should be minimized for smooth audio/video. Packet loss affects audio/video quality and should be minimal. Bandwidth determines the data capacity for smooth transmission. Monitoring and optimizing these metrics ensure a high-quality communication experience.

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2 Why does QoS matter?

QoS matters because it directly affects the user satisfaction and productivity of VoIP and video conferencing. Poor QoS can cause issues such as choppy audio, frozen video, echo, distortion, or dropped calls. These issues can frustrate and distract the users, reduce the effectiveness of the communication, and damage the reputation and image of the organization. On the other hand, good QoS can ensure that the voice and video quality are clear, smooth, and synchronized, enhancing the user experience and the communication outcome.

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Pravin Dudhade

Technical Specialist | BT Trading & Command | Trader Voice Technologies | VoIP at TCS
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QoS matters in the VoIP and video conferencing world because it directly impacts the user experience. Without proper QoS implementation, voice and video quality can suffer due to factors like latency, jitter, and packet loss. QoS ensures that critical data packets for real-time communication are prioritized and delivered promptly, resulting in clear, smooth, and uninterrupted audio and video streams. This is crucial for maintaining effective communication and user satisfaction, especially in business environments.

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3 How to monitor QoS?

To monitor QoS, you need to collect and analyze the data from the network devices, endpoints, and applications that are involved in the VoIP and video conferencing sessions. You can use various tools and protocols, such as SNMP, NetFlow, SIP, RTCP, and MOS, to gather and report the QoS parameters and metrics. You can also use synthetic tests, such as ping, traceroute, and iperf, to simulate and measure the network performance.

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Pravin Dudhade

Technical Specialist | BT Trading & Command | Trader Voice Technologies | VoIP at TCS
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Monitoring QoS involves tracking various metrics to ensure that the network is delivering the required level of service for VoIP and video conferencing. Here are some key methods to monitor QoS: 1. Packet Loss: Monitor lost packets to prevent audio/video degradation. 2. Latency: Measure delay for timely communication and synchronization. 3. Jitter: Track latency variation for smooth playback. 4. Bandwidth: Monitor usage to ensure adequate resources. 5. End-to-End Testing: Simulate traffic to assess performance. 6. Quality Metrics: Use tools for detailed quality analysis such as Solarwind, PRTG, Wireshark etc.

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4 What are the key QoS parameters?

The key QoS parameters are the network characteristics that affect the voice and video quality, such as bandwidth, delay, jitter, and packet loss. Bandwidth is essential for VoIP and video conferencing because they consume a lot of data, so you need to ensure there is enough available for the traffic and it is not competing with other traffic. Delay is critical for VoIP and video conferencing because it affects the synchronization and interactivity of the communication; therefore, you need to minimize it as much as possible and keep it below 150 ms for VoIP and 300 ms for video conferencing. Additionally, jitter is detrimental for VoIP and video conferencing because it causes packet loss, out-of-order delivery, and buffering, so you need to reduce it as much as possible and keep it below 30 ms for VoIP and 50 ms for video conferencing. Furthermore, packet loss is harmful for VoIP and video conferencing because it causes gaps, noise, and distortion in the voice and video; thus, you need to avoid or recover from packet loss as much as possible and keep it below 1% for VoIP and 2% for video conferencing.

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5 What are the key QoS metrics?

The key QoS metrics are the numerical values that indicate the level of quality of the voice and video. These metrics include Mean Opinion Score (MOS), R-Factor, E-Model, and Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR). MOS is a subjective rating of the voice or video quality on a scale from 1 (poor) to 5 (excellent) and is based on factors such as clarity, intelligibility, naturalness, and comfort. R-Factor is similar to MOS, but based on an objective algorithm that takes into account the QoS parameters and human perception of quality. It ranges from 0 (bad) to 100 (best). The E-Model is a mathematical model that predicts the quality of voice communication based on the QoS parameters and the characteristics of the voice codec. PSNR measures the quality of video compression based on the ratio between the maximum possible signal power and the noise power; it is expressed in decibels (dB), with higher values indicating better quality. These metrics are useful for comparing and benchmarking VoIP and video conferencing systems or providers, as well as evaluating the efficiency and performance of different video codecs.

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6 How to optimize QoS?

In order to optimize Quality of Service (QoS), you need to implement various strategies and techniques to make sure that VoIP and video conferencing traffic is given the best possible network treatment. This includes prioritizing the VoIP and video conferencing traffic over other types of traffic, allocating a specific amount of bandwidth or resources for the VoIP and video conferencing traffic, optimizing the efficiency and performance of the VoIP and video conferencing traffic, and monitoring, analyzing, troubleshooting, and adjusting the QoS parameters and metrics. Prioritization can be done through QoS markings, classification, queuing, scheduling, or policing. Reservation can be done through admission control, resource reservation protocol (RSVP), or software-defined networking (SDN). Optimization can be done through compression, encryption, transcoding, packetization, fragmentation, or error correction. Management can be done through QoS dashboards, reports, alerts, or audits.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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J.Y. Halpin

CX, EX, IT enablement | High Handicap golfer
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Ensure that your network is setup to support voice and video calling. Although bandwidth is readily available for most businesses in 2024, managing priority of Real Time Communications such as video and voice calling is a partnership between your internal IT department, your network provider, and your Unified Communications provider. Understand the roles and responsibilities of each party prior to deploying, so your teams are prepared to support these network applications.

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What are the key QoS parameters and metrics for VoIP and video conferencing?

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1 What is QoS?

2 Why does QoS matter?

3 How to monitor QoS?

4 What are the key QoS parameters?

5 What are the key QoS metrics?

6 How to optimize QoS?

7 Here’s what else to consider

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