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Last updated on 2024年4月23日

What are the key parameters and settings to configure a VFD for a specific motor and application?

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A variable frequency drive (VFD) is a device that can adjust the speed and torque of an electric motor by varying the frequency and voltage of the power supply. VFDs are widely used in industrial applications to optimize performance, efficiency and energy savings. However, to get the best results from a VFD, you need to configure it properly for your specific motor and application. In this article, we will explain what are the key parameters and settings to configure a VFD and how to do it step by step.

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Hamed Mesgarnejad

Electrical Engineer at Sazeh Co.
Mahendra Kane

I love to explore & talk about Digitalization and Industry 4.0 | Certified Youth Mentor | Eager Volunteer for a good…
Hrishikesh Kulkarni

Senior Manager customer service factory automation at Siemens

1 Motor nameplate data

The first step to configure a VFD is to gather the motor nameplate data, which contains the essential information about the motor characteristics and ratings. The motor nameplate data includes the voltage, frequency, current, power, speed, service factor, insulation class and code letter. You need to enter these values into the VFD parameters to ensure compatibility and protection. For example, the voltage and frequency values determine the output range of the VFD, the current and power values set the overload and underload limits, and the code letter indicates the starting current and torque of the motor.

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Hamed Mesgarnejad

Electrical Engineer at Sazeh Co.
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Beside the Motor Name Plate, the processes related data (frequency change range) and type of load (Fan, Pump, Crane, Conveyer, ....) is necessary.

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2 VFD control mode

The second step to configure a VFD is to choose the control mode that suits your application. The control mode determines how the VFD regulates the speed and torque of the motor. There are three main types of control modes: scalar, vector and sensorless vector. Scalar control is the simplest and most common mode, which uses a fixed voltage-to-frequency ratio to control the speed of the motor. Vector control is more advanced and precise, which uses feedback signals to control both the speed and torque of the motor. Sensorless vector control is a compromise between scalar and vector control, which uses an algorithm to estimate the feedback signals without using sensors.

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Hrishikesh Kulkarni

Senior Manager customer service factory automation at Siemens
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VFD control mode has to be decided based on the application requirement. The scalar control can be used for multi-motor configuration (Travel Motions), senseorless vector control should be used where torque requirement should be accessed accurately (e.g. conveyor) Vector control should be used for critical applications where torque demand and speed accuracy is important (e.g. Hoist motion)

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3 VFD ramp time

The third step to configure a VFD is to adjust the ramp time, which is the time it takes for the motor to accelerate or decelerate from one speed to another. The ramp time affects the performance and lifespan of the motor and the load. If the ramp time is too short, it can cause mechanical stress, overheating and current spikes. If the ramp time is too long, it can cause instability, inefficiency and poor response. The optimal ramp time depends on the inertia and friction of the load, the type and size of the motor, and the application requirements. You can use trial and error or formulas to find the best ramp time for your system.

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4 VFD braking method

The fourth step to configure a VFD is to select the braking method that matches your application. The braking method determines how the VFD stops or slows down the motor and the load. There are four main types of braking methods: coasting, DC injection, dynamic braking and regenerative braking. Coasting is the simplest and cheapest method, which lets the motor and the load coast to a stop without any control from the VFD. DC injection is a method that applies a DC voltage to the motor windings to create a braking torque. Dynamic braking is a method that uses a resistor to dissipate the excess energy from the motor as heat. Regenerative braking is a method that feeds the excess energy from the motor back to the power source or a storage device.

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Hrishikesh Kulkarni

Senior Manager customer service factory automation at Siemens
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High inertia load should be braked using Regenerative braking which allows energy recovery to the grid also standalone applications should use Dynamic Braking. DC injection braking is preferred only with law inertia loads. The coasting should be used for electrical isolation (complete power isolation).

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5 VFD protection functions

The fifth step to configure a VFD is to enable and set the protection functions that prevent damage to the VFD, the motor and the load. The protection functions include overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, undercurrent, overtemperature, undertemperature, overload, underload, phase loss, short circuit and ground fault. These functions monitor the input and output conditions of the VFD and trigger alarms or shutdowns when they detect abnormal or dangerous situations. You need to adjust the protection parameters according to the motor nameplate data, the VFD specifications and the application conditions.

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6 VFD communication and display

The sixth step to configure a VFD is to configure the communication and display options that allow you to monitor and control the VFD remotely or locally. The communication options include serial ports, Ethernet ports, wireless modules, analog inputs and outputs, digital inputs and outputs, relays and contacts. These options enable you to connect the VFD to a computer, a PLC, a HMI, a sensor, a switch or another device. The display options include LED indicators, LCD screens, keypads and potentiometers. These options enable you to view the status, parameters, faults and settings of the VFD and change them manually if needed.

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Hrishikesh Kulkarni

Senior Manager customer service factory automation at Siemens
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VFD communication with PLC allows user to control and monitor parameters like speed, current, torque. Cloud or Edge connectivity of VFD is also important aspect to be considered for effective monitoring of the entire system (From load side to control side).

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Hamed Mesgarnejad

Electrical Engineer at Sazeh Co.
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Consideration regarding necessity of Line side EMC filter and motor side filter is also vital. Type of bearing and earthing system are also necessary to considered.

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Mahendra Kane

I love to explore & talk about Digitalization and Industry 4.0 | Certified Youth Mentor | Eager Volunteer for a good cause | Vipassana Practitioner | Toastmaster | Blogger
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Commissioning of a VFD always begins with parameterizing it as per the final purpose of using it (also known as its application). It is very important to select the right type of VFD based on the application, otherwise the desired end result cannot be achieved in most of the cases. Even before parameterization begins, the overall scheme of operation must be finalized (on paper). Parameterization part is already covered in this article earlier so I won't add anything there. My last advise would be not treating VFD as a stand-alone product in entire automation scheme. It needs to be commissioned together with all other Components (PLC, HMI, other VFDs, etc.) and most importantly the overall application.

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What are the key parameters and settings to configure a VFD for a specific motor and application?

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1 Motor nameplate data

2 VFD control mode

3 VFD ramp time

4 VFD braking method

5 VFD protection functions

6 VFD communication and display

7 Here’s what else to consider

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