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What are the key parameters and methods for monitoring and controlling drilling fluid losses?

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Drilling fluid, also known as mud, is a vital component of the drilling process. It serves multiple functions, such as cooling and lubricating the drill bit, stabilizing the borehole, carrying the cuttings to the surface, and providing hydrostatic pressure to prevent formation fluids from entering the wellbore. However, drilling fluid can also be lost to the formation through fractures, pores, or other pathways, which can have negative impacts on the drilling performance, safety, and economics. Therefore, it is essential to monitor and control the drilling fluid losses during the drilling operation. In this article, we will discuss some of the key parameters and methods for doing so.

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1 Fluid loss rate

The fluid loss rate is the amount of drilling fluid that is lost to the formation per unit of time. It can be measured by various methods, such as using a mud balance, a retort, or a coriolis meter. The fluid loss rate depends on several factors, such as the drilling fluid properties, the formation characteristics, the wellbore geometry, and the operational conditions. A high fluid loss rate can indicate a low formation integrity, a high differential pressure, or a poor mud quality. A low fluid loss rate can indicate a high formation integrity, a low differential pressure, or a good mud quality. The fluid loss rate can also affect the mud rheology, the hole cleaning efficiency, and the bottom hole pressure.

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Thet Hnin San

Well Monitoring Specialist @ BP as third party | IADC Certified
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I agree and fluid loss can ballooning back and beware of well control. Need to monitor the loss rate and if loss rate suddenly less it could the beginning of ballooning back.

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2 Fluid loss control

The fluid loss control is the process of preventing or minimizing the drilling fluid losses to the formation. It can be achieved by various methods, such as adjusting the drilling fluid properties, using fluid loss additives, applying wellbore strengthening techniques, or implementing loss circulation control procedures. The fluid loss control methods should be tailored to the specific type and severity of the fluid loss mechanism, such as seepage, partial, or total loss. The fluid loss control methods should also be compatible with the drilling objectives, the formation conditions, and the environmental regulations.

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Thet Hnin San

Well Monitoring Specialist @ BP as third party | IADC Certified
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As soon as observed the fluid loss, reduced the flow rate, pump off, space out and shut in the well. Then discuss what should do next.

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3 Fluid loss additives

The fluid loss additives are substances that are added to the drilling fluid to reduce its permeability to the formation. They can be classified into two main types: plugging agents and film-forming agents. Plugging agents are solid particles that are designed to bridge and seal the fractures or pores in the formation. They can be natural or synthetic, organic or inorganic, and have different sizes and shapes. Film-forming agents are polymers or resins that are designed to coat and protect the mud cake from erosion or dissolution. They can be water-based or oil-based, and have different molecular weights and viscosities.

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4 Wellbore strengthening

The wellbore strengthening is a technique that aims to increase the fracture resistance of the formation by creating a network of micro-fractures or stress cages around the wellbore. It can be achieved by using high-density or high-viscosity drilling fluids, injecting high-pressure pulses or surges, or adding wellbore strengthening additives. The wellbore strengthening technique can enhance the wellbore stability, reduce the fluid loss rate, and enable drilling in narrow pressure windows.

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5 Loss circulation control

The loss circulation control is a procedure that aims to stop or mitigate the drilling fluid losses to the formation by using mechanical or chemical means. It can be classified into two main types: preventive and corrective. Preventive loss circulation control is applied before or during the drilling operation to avoid or minimize the occurrence of fluid losses. It can involve using low-density or low-viscosity drilling fluids, optimizing the drilling parameters, or using preventive loss circulation materials. Corrective loss circulation control is applied after the fluid losses have occurred to restore or maintain the circulation. It can involve using high-density or high-viscosity drilling fluids, spotting or squeezing loss circulation pills or plugs, or installing mechanical devices or barriers.

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6 Fluid loss monitoring

The fluid loss monitoring is the process of detecting and quantifying the drilling fluid losses to the formation by using various indicators and instruments. It can involve measuring the mud flow rate, the mud weight, the mud volume, and the mud level in the pits and tanks. It can also involve monitoring the drill pipe pressure, the annular pressure, the torque and drag, and the rate of penetration. The fluid loss monitoring can help to identify the type and location of the fluid loss mechanism, to evaluate the effectiveness of the fluid loss control methods, and to adjust the drilling plan accordingly.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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What are the key parameters and methods for monitoring and controlling drilling fluid losses?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Fluid loss rate

2 Fluid loss control

3 Fluid loss additives

4 Wellbore strengthening

5 Loss circulation control

6 Fluid loss monitoring

7 Here’s what else to consider

Drilling Engineering

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What are the key parameters and methods for monitoring and controlling drilling fluid losses?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Fluid loss rate

2 Fluid loss control

3 Fluid loss additives

4 Wellbore strengthening

5 Loss circulation control

6 Fluid loss monitoring

7 Here’s what else to consider

Drilling Engineering

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