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What are the key factors and trade-offs that affect ESB performance?

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Enterprise service bus (ESB) is a software architecture that enables integration of different applications and services across a network. ESBs provide features such as routing, transformation, mediation, orchestration, security, and monitoring. However, ESB performance can vary depending on several factors and trade-offs. In this article, we will explore some of the key aspects that affect ESB performance and how to measure and optimize it.

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1 ESB Performance Factors

ESB performance can be influenced by many factors, such as the number and size of messages, the complexity and frequency of transformations, the number and type of endpoints, the network latency and bandwidth, the hardware and software resources, and the configuration and tuning of the ESB. Some of these factors are inherent to the integration scenario, while others can be adjusted or optimized to improve ESB performance.

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Thomas Erl

LinkedIn Top Voice | Best-Selling Author and Speaker | Digital Business Technology Thought Leader | LinkedIn Learning Instructor | YouTube, Podcast Personality | Pearson Digital Enterprise Book Series from Thomas Erl
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Because ESBs can act as integration hubs between disparate applications, their overall performance can also be dependent on the performance of the integrated applications themselves, especially when carrying out more complex orchestration logic.

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Suhas Jog

Sr. Director of Engineering, Employ Inc
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- ESBs depend on underlying messaging infrastructure (JMS, RV, MQSeries etc) - Abstractions added on top of messaging layer for ease of use, low-code apps often are bottlenecks - ESBs are targeted at IT developers (as opposed to engineers) - App dev teams can easily miss factors that can have significant performance impacts: a. Full DB table scans, table locking b. Unnecessary network round-trips, DB calls C. Large messages (I have seen ESB apps - publishing the whole DB table in a single message d. Debug/excessive logging in production f. Not leveraging async programming

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John de la Rosa

Principal Enterprise Architect @ Kraken Digital Asset Exchange | FinTech Solutions | Enterprise Business Solutions & IT Strategy |
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The amount of orchestration that the ESB needs to perform can also impact performance as it may need to call disparate services, derive values, and retrieve other resources (i.e. data). Ultimately the ESB is the sum result of any inherent latency of any external calls.

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2 ESB Performance Trade-offs

ESB performance can also involve trade-offs between different objectives, such as reliability, scalability, availability, and security. For example, increasing the reliability of message delivery may require more network overhead and processing time, reducing the throughput and latency of the ESB. Similarly, enhancing the security of the ESB may require additional encryption and authentication mechanisms, which can also impact the performance. Therefore, ESB performance should be evaluated in relation to the specific requirements and expectations of the integration scenario.

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Suhas Jog

Sr. Director of Engineering, Employ Inc
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- Treat ESB/messaging infra as "dumb pipes" and put intelligence in the "end-points" - Strive for keeping ESB-app stateless (persist state, if needed), it will allow you to horizontally scale the application

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3 ESB Performance Metrics

ESB performance can be measured by using various metrics, such as throughput, latency, response time, error rate, availability, and resource utilization. Throughput is the number of messages or transactions that the ESB can process per unit of time. Latency is the time that a message or transaction takes to travel from the source to the destination through the ESB. Response time is the time that the ESB takes to process a request and send back a response. Error rate is the percentage of messages or transactions that fail or are rejected by the ESB. Availability is the percentage of time that the ESB is operational and accessible. Resource utilization is the amount of hardware and software resources that the ESB consumes, such as CPU, memory, disk, and network.

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4 ESB Performance Testing

ESB performance testing is the process of simulating realistic workloads and scenarios to evaluate the performance of the ESB under different conditions and configurations. ESB performance testing can help identify bottlenecks, issues, and opportunities for improvement in the ESB. ESB performance testing can be done by using various tools and methods, such as load testing, stress testing, benchmarking, profiling, and monitoring.

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5 ESB Performance Optimization

ESB performance optimization is the process of applying best practices and techniques to enhance the performance of the ESB. ESB performance optimization can involve several aspects, such as message design, transformation logic, routing strategy, endpoint configuration, caching, clustering, load balancing, fault tolerance, security, logging, and tuning. ESB performance optimization can help improve the efficiency, scalability, reliability, and security of the ESB.

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John de la Rosa

Principal Enterprise Architect @ Kraken Digital Asset Exchange | FinTech Solutions | Enterprise Business Solutions & IT Strategy |
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Ideally keeping all your service requests stateless on the ESB is ideal. Otherwise you will have to maintain state that further adds complexity and resources. Caching of common requests by the called service should be taken advantage of where necessary. Also, any in-memory data sources called by ESB will greatly improve performance.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Suhas Jog

Sr. Director of Engineering, Employ Inc
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- Don't treat ESB as a panacea - ESB vendors will promise everything under the sun, validate the depth of the feature to see if it meets your application/business needs

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John de la Rosa

Principal Enterprise Architect @ Kraken Digital Asset Exchange | FinTech Solutions | Enterprise Business Solutions & IT Strategy |
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Under very high volumes ESBs even though single threaded will occasionally process messages out of sequence. This has been seen in Apache ServiceMix and Mule Soft. Based off previous projects, sequence has been guaranteed using a queueing system via tables. If order is necessary additional steps are needed to ensure sequence of requests.

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What are the key factors and trade-offs that affect ESB performance?

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1 ESB Performance Factors

2 ESB Performance Trade-offs

3 ESB Performance Metrics

4 ESB Performance Testing

5 ESB Performance Optimization

6 Here’s what else to consider

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