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What are the key factors to consider when selecting the optimal design concept for your project?

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Selecting the optimal design concept for your project is a crucial step in the Front End Engineering Design (FEED) process. It can have a significant impact on the technical feasibility, cost, schedule, and performance of your project. But how do you choose the best design concept among multiple alternatives? Here are some key factors to consider when making this decision.

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1 Project objectives and requirements

The first factor to consider is the alignment of the design concept with the project objectives and requirements. These include the functional specifications, the performance criteria, the regulatory standards, and the stakeholder expectations. You should evaluate how well each design concept meets these requirements and how it supports the project vision and goals. You should also identify any gaps, risks, or trade-offs that may arise from each design concept.

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Phil Jeremiah CEng MIMechE

Ex Value Management Value Study Leader
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This implies that we start with the design concept and then backfit functional specs, etc. We should start with functionality, with criteria that determine good from bad outcomes, with legal and physical constraints, etc. Only then should options be generated that achieve all of the above. By starting with the concept we lock in bias.

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2 Cost and schedule

The second factor to consider is the cost and schedule of the design concept. You should estimate the capital expenditure, the operating expenditure, the contingency, and the payback period of each design concept. You should also assess the complexity, the duration, and the resource availability of each design concept. You should compare the cost and schedule of each design concept with the project budget and timeline and determine which one offers the best value for money and the least uncertainty.

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Phil Jeremiah CEng MIMechE

Ex Value Management Value Study Leader
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Cost sits on the bottom line of the value equation and will be used to widen the gap between equally performing options. I'd go for schedule as more of a performance criterion. There are two ways to increase the value of a solution: cost is one; increased performance is another.

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3 Technical feasibility and reliability

The third factor to consider is the technical feasibility and reliability of the design concept. You should analyze the technical aspects of each design concept, such as the engineering principles, the design methods, the equipment selection, the process integration, and the safety measures. You should also evaluate the reliability, the availability, the maintainability, and the operability of each design concept. You should choose the design concept that has the highest technical feasibility and reliability and the lowest risk of failure or downtime.

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Daryl Meisenheimer

Project Consultant | Capital Projects | Project Assurance | Process Implementation | Project Controls and Risk Management
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The Technical feasibility aspects should be assessed on both their technical merits and cost/schedule trade-offs. For example, it may be desirable to achieve 98% uptime to maximize production. However, you may be able to achieve 95% uptime, with 80% of the cost. Is an additional 20% in cost really worth 3% additional throughput?

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Phil Jeremiah CEng MIMechE

Ex Value Management Value Study Leader
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It really depends on the case under review. There's a place for ultimate reliability, performance and safety based on experience. However, that option is more conservative and if that's the gap you're trying to fill, then go ahead. However, if you want to shake the market up with innovative, creative or ground-breaking solutions, you're going to have to accept, and manage, a higher degree of risk.

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4 Innovation and sustainability

The fourth factor to consider is the innovation and sustainability of the design concept. You should explore the potential of each design concept to incorporate new technologies, methods, or solutions that can improve the project outcomes, efficiency, or quality. You should also consider the environmental, social, and economic impacts of each design concept and how they align with the sustainability principles and goals of your project. You should select the design concept that has the most innovation and sustainability potential and the least negative effects.

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5 Stakeholder feedback and approval

The fifth factor to consider is the stakeholder feedback and approval of the design concept. You should communicate and present each design concept to the relevant stakeholders, such as the client, the end-user, the contractor, the regulator, and the community. You should solicit their feedback, opinions, and preferences and address any concerns or issues they may have. You should also seek their approval and endorsement of the design concept before moving to the next phase of the project. You should choose the design concept that has the most stakeholder support and acceptance.

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6 Validation and verification

The sixth factor to consider is the validation and verification of the design concept. You should test and verify each design concept using various methods, such as simulations, models, prototypes, or pilot projects. You should collect and analyze data and evidence that demonstrate the performance, functionality, and feasibility of each design concept. You should also validate and confirm that each design concept meets the project objectives and requirements and complies with the regulatory standards and best practices. You should select the design concept that has the most validation and verification results and the least discrepancies or errors.

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Daryl Meisenheimer

Project Consultant | Capital Projects | Project Assurance | Process Implementation | Project Controls and Risk Management
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Actually, I disagree with this. The project and stakeholders should define the acceptable level of technical maturity, which can be easily verified without spending a lot of money on prototypes, testing, pilot projects, etc. Any technology considered outside of this criteria would need to demonstrate a commensurate value adding component (e.g. risk/reward tradeoff).

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Gayathiri Vijayakumar

Instrumentation Design Engineer | Continuous improvement Practitioner | Certified Functional Safety Engineer | MITx Micromasters in Supply Chain Management
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Feasibility study has to be conducted to check how practical the design concept is. Design concept decision matrix tool is quite useful in ranking the best design concept in terms of cost, meeting technical requirements and complexity.

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What are the key factors to consider when selecting the optimal design concept for your project?

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1 Project objectives and requirements

2 Cost and schedule

3 Technical feasibility and reliability

4 Innovation and sustainability

5 Stakeholder feedback and approval

6 Validation and verification

7 Here’s what else to consider

Front End Engineering Design (FEED)

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