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What are the environmental impacts of rock excavation and disposal?

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Rock excavation and disposal are essential activities for many civil engineering, mining, and construction projects. However, they also pose significant environmental challenges and risks that need to be addressed and mitigated. In this article, you will learn about some of the main environmental impacts of rock excavation and disposal, and how they can be reduced or avoided.

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1 Land use and landscape

Rock excavation and disposal can alter the land use and landscape of the affected areas, both temporarily and permanently. For example, rock excavation can create large open pits, tunnels, or quarries that can affect the natural topography, drainage, vegetation, and wildlife habitats. Rock disposal can also generate piles of waste rock, tailings, or spoil that can occupy valuable land, create visual impacts, and potentially leach harmful substances into the soil and water. To minimize these impacts, rock excavation and disposal should be planned and designed to minimize the amount of land disturbance, to restore the land to its original or alternative use after the project, and to implement proper erosion control and revegetation measures.

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Mohammd Mehdi Pardsouie

Design of the Concrete and Steel structures , Geotechnical design and investigations.
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As it is in real world, the possibility of restoring the excavated rock in most of the cases is not feasible at all. So if possible it should be avoided

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2 Air quality and noise

Rock excavation and disposal can also affect the air quality and noise levels of the surrounding environment, especially during the blasting, drilling, crushing, and transportation stages. For example, rock excavation can produce dust, fumes, and gases that can reduce the visibility, increase the greenhouse gas emissions, and pose health risks to the workers and nearby residents. Rock disposal can also generate dust and odors that can affect the air quality. Noise pollution can also be a major issue, as rock excavation and disposal can generate loud and frequent sounds that can disturb the wildlife, damage the structures, and cause annoyance and stress to the human population. To reduce these impacts, rock excavation and disposal should be conducted with appropriate equipment, techniques, and regulations that can limit the dust, emissions, and noise generation, and use protective measures such as water spraying, ventilation, and noise barriers.

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Mohammd Mehdi Pardsouie

Design of the Concrete and Steel structures , Geotechnical design and investigations.
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The common practice in large rock excavation beyond urban regions is the application of explosion that is in real sense the complete devastation of the surrounding environment.

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3 Water quality and quantity

Rock excavation and disposal can also have significant impacts on the water quality and quantity of the affected areas, both surface and groundwater. For example, rock excavation can alter the hydrological regime, reduce the recharge, and increase the runoff and sedimentation of the water bodies. Rock disposal can also contaminate the water resources with pollutants such as metals, acids, salts, and nutrients that can affect the aquatic ecosystems, human health, and water availability. To prevent these impacts, rock excavation and disposal should be monitored and managed to avoid or minimize the water loss, diversion, and pollution, and to implement proper drainage, treatment, and recycling systems.

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Mohammd Mehdi Pardsouie

Design of the Concrete and Steel structures , Geotechnical design and investigations.
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since the environment topography is altered, no matter the auxiliary solution for flood control, in the end the regions that are situated in the premier of the excavated area are highly vulnerable to serous damage

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4 Biodiversity and ecosystems

Rock excavation and disposal can also have negative impacts on the biodiversity and ecosystems of the affected areas, both terrestrial and aquatic. For example, rock excavation can destroy or fragment the habitats, food sources, and migration routes of the native flora and fauna, and introduce invasive species or pathogens that can threaten the biodiversity. Rock disposal can also alter the physical, chemical, and biological conditions of the habitats, and affect the ecosystem functions and services. To protect these impacts, rock excavation and disposal should be assessed and mitigated to avoid or minimize the habitat loss, degradation, and disturbance, and to implement proper conservation, restoration, and compensation measures.

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Mohammd Mehdi Pardsouie

Design of the Concrete and Steel structures , Geotechnical design and investigations.
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in my opinion, rock excavation means the extermination of wild life in that region no matter of importance what the investigation suggests

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5 Socio-economic and cultural

Rock excavation and disposal can also have socio-economic and cultural impacts on the affected areas, both positive and negative. For example, rock excavation and disposal can create employment, income, and infrastructure opportunities for the local communities, and contribute to the economic development and growth. However, they can also cause displacement, resettlement, and compensation issues, and affect the livelihoods, health, safety, and well-being of the people. Rock excavation and disposal can also impact the cultural heritage, values, and identity of the affected areas, and cause conflicts or disputes among the stakeholders. To balance these impacts, rock excavation and disposal should be consulted and coordinated with the relevant parties, and to implement proper social, ethical, and legal standards and practices.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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What are the environmental impacts of rock excavation and disposal?

1

2

3

4

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1 Land use and landscape

2 Air quality and noise

3 Water quality and quantity

4 Biodiversity and ecosystems

5 Socio-economic and cultural

6 Here’s what else to consider

Geology

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