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What are effective strategies to teach ESL students how to make inferences?

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Making inferences is a crucial skill for ESL students to comprehend texts and communicate effectively. However, many ESL students struggle with making inferences because of cultural, linguistic, and cognitive barriers. How can ESL teachers help their students overcome these challenges and develop their inferential abilities? Here are some effective strategies to teach ESL students how to make inferences.

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Matt Eastman

Deputy Principal | NSW Justice of the Peace | Equity Advocate
Austine Naphkate Juma

??||Project Management |Economics??|Social impact +Tech Enthusiast |Financial Engineering |Data Science|| →Designing…

1 Activate prior knowledge

Before reading or listening to a text, ESL teachers should activate their students' prior knowledge by asking them questions, eliciting their predictions, or brainstorming their ideas. This will help them connect the text to their own experiences, background knowledge, and schema. Activating prior knowledge will also motivate them to engage with the text and look for clues to confirm or revise their predictions.

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Lorena Caetano

?? ENGLISH TEACHER - Certified by TKT - Cambridge | Boosting careers through language excellence. Helping you in your journey to fluency! ?? #EnglishTeacher #CareerGrowth
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Uma estratégia que sempre uso para ensinar meus alunos de ESL a fazer inferências é ativar seu conhecimento prévio. Antes da leitura, provoco previs?es e incentivo o debate de ideias para ajudá-los a conectar o texto às suas experiências e conhecimentos anteriores. Isso os motiva a se envolver com o texto, buscando pistas para confirmar ou revisar suas previs?es. Ao ativar o conhecimento prévio, os alunos se sentem mais confiantes e engajados na compreens?o do texto, facilitando o processo de inferência e melhorando suas habilidades de compreens?o.

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Robert G. Richardson

Business/Economist
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One of the challenges ESL students face is making inferences from texts. Inferences are logical conclusions that are not explicitly stated but can be derived from the context and prior knowledge. To help ESL students develop this skill, teachers can use some effective strategies, such as: - Modeling the process of making inferences by thinking aloud and explaining the clues and background information that led to the inference. - Providing explicit instruction on the types of inferences, such as character traits, motives, themes, and predictions, and how to identify them in texts. - Using graphic organizers, such as charts, tables, and diagrams, to help students organize the information and evidence from the texts and their knowledge.

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2 Model the process

ESL teachers should model the process of making inferences by thinking aloud and demonstrating how they use clues from the text and their own knowledge to draw conclusions. They should also explain their reasoning and show how they check their inferences against the text or other sources. Modeling the process will help students understand the steps and strategies involved in making inferences and encourage them to apply them to their own reading or listening.

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Austine Naphkate Juma

??||Project Management |Economics??|Social impact +Tech Enthusiast |Financial Engineering |Data Science|| →Designing Carousels and Infographics||Get noticed in the Top 1% brands with an outstanding first impression||??
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In regards to this context, ESL teachers can encourage students to participate actively in the inference-making process by asking questions that prompt critical thinking and discussion. They should also provide feedback and reinforcement to students as they work on developing their inference-making skills.

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Lorena Caetano

?? ENGLISH TEACHER - Certified by TKT - Cambridge | Boosting careers through language excellence. Helping you in your journey to fluency! ?? #EnglishTeacher #CareerGrowth
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Uma maneira que eu aplico esta estratégia de modelar o processo de inferência é através de atividades de leitura guiada em sala de aula. Eu seleciono um texto adequado ao nível de proficiência dos alunos e leio, ou pe?o a um aluno para ler em voz alta. Durante a leitura, fa?o perguntas sobre o trecho lido e os alunos s?o incentivados a compartilhar suas próprias observa??es e inferências. Em seguida, o posso propor algumas perguntas para discuss?o, explicando o raciocínio e verificando as inferências em rela??o ao texto. Essa abordagem interativa ajuda os alunos a compreender as etapas envolvidas e a aplicar as estratégias aprendidas em suas próprias leituras.

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3 Use graphic organizers

Graphic organizers are visual tools that can help ESL students organize their information and make inferences. For example, ESL teachers can use Venn diagrams, T-charts, or KWL charts to help students compare and contrast, identify cause and effect, or summarize what they know, want to know, and learned from a text. Graphic organizers can also help students visualize the relationships between different elements of a text and make connections between them.

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4 Provide scaffolding

Scaffolding is the support that ESL teachers provide to their students to help them perform a task that they cannot do independently. Scaffolding can include giving hints, prompts, feedback, or examples to guide students in making inferences. ESL teachers should adjust the level and type of scaffolding according to the students' needs and abilities and gradually fade it as they become more confident and proficient in making inferences.

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Lorena Caetano

?? ENGLISH TEACHER - Certified by TKT - Cambridge | Boosting careers through language excellence. Helping you in your journey to fluency! ?? #EnglishTeacher #CareerGrowth
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Uma coisa bastante útil s?o os materiais audiovisuais, que servem como um tipo de andaime ao oferecer contextos ricos e visualmente estimulantes para os alunos. Os vídeos e áudios fornecem pistas visuais e auditivas que os alunos podem usar para fazer inferências, enquanto eu atuo como facilitadora, fornecendo orienta??o e feedback conforme necessário. Esse processo permite que os alunos desenvolvam suas habilidades de inferência de forma gradual e eficaz, à medida que ganham confian?a e competência na língua inglesa.

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5 Use authentic texts

Authentic texts are texts that are written or spoken for real-world purposes and audiences, such as newspapers, magazines, podcasts, or videos. ESL teachers should use authentic texts to expose their students to different genres, styles, and contexts of language use and to challenge them to make inferences based on real-life situations. Authentic texts can also increase students' interest and motivation and help them develop their critical thinking and intercultural skills.

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6 Encourage collaboration

Collaboration is the process of working together to achieve a common goal or solve a problem. ESL teachers should encourage collaboration among their students by creating opportunities for them to discuss, share, and compare their inferences with their peers. Collaboration can help students learn from each other, clarify their doubts, justify their opinions, and refine their inferences. Collaboration can also foster a positive and supportive learning environment where students can practice their language and social skills.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Matt Eastman

Deputy Principal | NSW Justice of the Peace | Equity Advocate
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This article could have been written about many different types of learners not just EALD. It is important to understand that all students benifit from scaffolding and targeted support, not just this targeted group.

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What are effective strategies to teach ESL students how to make inferences?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Activate prior knowledge

2 Model the process

3 Use graphic organizers

4 Provide scaffolding

5 Use authentic texts

6 Encourage collaboration

7 Here’s what else to consider

K-12 Education

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What are effective strategies to teach ESL students how to make inferences?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Activate prior knowledge

2 Model the process

3 Use graphic organizers

4 Provide scaffolding

5 Use authentic texts

6 Encourage collaboration

7 Here’s what else to consider

K-12 Education

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