What are the challenges of interpreting for people with hearing or speech impairments?

1 Types of interpreting

Interpreting can take many forms depending on the needs and preferences of the people involved. For example, sign language interpreting is when an interpreter uses a sign language, such as American Sign Language (ASL), to convey the meaning of spoken or written language to a person who is deaf or hard of hearing, or vice versa. Speech-to-text interpreting involves an interpreter using a keyboard, a computer, or a speech recognition software to produce a written text of what is being said for someone who is deaf or hard of hearing. Oral interpreting is when an interpreter silently repeats what is being said without using voice for someone who is deaf or hard of hearing but can lip-read. Cued speech interpreting uses a system of hand shapes and positions to supplement the lip movements of speech for someone who is deaf or hard of hearing and uses cued speech to enhance their speech perception.

2 Cultural and linguistic diversity

One of the challenges of interpreting for people with hearing or speech impairments is the cultural and linguistic diversity within and across these groups. Not all people who are deaf or hard of hearing use the same sign language, nor do they share the same cultural norms and values. For example, ASL is not universal, but has its own grammar, vocabulary, and idioms that differ from other sign languages and from English. Similarly, not all people who are deaf or hard of hearing use speech-to-text, oral, or cued speech interpreting, but may have different preferences and levels of proficiency. Therefore, interpreters need to be aware of these differences and respect the choices and identities of the people they serve.

3 Ethical and professional standards

Another challenge of interpreting for people with hearing or speech impairments is adhering to ethical and professional standards that ensure the quality and accuracy of the service. Interpreters need to follow codes of conduct that outline their roles and responsibilities, such as maintaining confidentiality, impartiality, and competence. Interpreters also need to abide by best practices that guide their decision-making and behavior, such as preparing for assignments, managing the communication flow, and seeking feedback. Moreover, interpreters need to engage in continuous learning and development to update their skills and knowledge and to address any gaps or issues that may arise.

4 Physical and mental demands

A final challenge of interpreting for people with hearing or speech impairments is coping with the physical and mental demands of the work. Interpreting requires a high level of concentration, attention, memory, and coordination, as well as physical stamina and endurance. Interpreters need to process and produce information quickly and accurately, while switching between languages or modes of expression, and adapting to different contexts and situations. Interpreting can also be emotionally and psychologically stressful, as interpreters may encounter sensitive, complex, or challenging topics or scenarios. Therefore, interpreters need to take care of their health and well-being, and seek support and resources when needed.

5 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?