Food safety and hygiene failures can be caused by a range of issues, such as poor personal hygiene of staff, improper handling of food, lack of training or supervision, outdated equipment, pest infestation, and external factors. For instance, not washing hands, wearing dirty uniforms, or having open wounds can contribute to food safety and hygiene failures. Additionally, cross-contamination, inadequate cooking, or incorrect temperature control during food preparation can also lead to issues. Furthermore, lack of training, supervision, or communication among staff can cause errors or negligence. Moreover, outdated or damaged equipment and utensils, such as refrigerators, ovens, knives, or sinks can also be a factor. Finally, pest infestation from rodents, insects, or birds contaminating food or surfaces as well as external factors like power outages or water supply issues can affect food safety and hygiene.