What are the best ways to show respect for subjects in historical research?

2 Use appropriate terminology

The words you use to describe your subjects can have a significant impact on how they are perceived and valued. You should use terminology that is accurate, respectful, and consistent with the historical context and the preferences of the subjects themselves. For example, you should avoid using outdated, derogatory, or anachronistic terms that might offend or misrepresent your subjects. You should also use inclusive and specific terms that reflect the diversity and agency of your subjects, such as using their names, titles, or affiliations instead of generic labels.

3 Cite your sources

Citing your sources is not only a matter of academic honesty, but also a way of showing respect for the work and contributions of other researchers and historical actors. By citing your sources, you acknowledge the origin and ownership of the information and ideas you use, and you enable your readers to verify and evaluate them. You should use a consistent and transparent citation style that follows the standards and conventions of your discipline and your publication venue.

4 Respect the integrity of the evidence

The evidence you use to support your historical arguments should be treated with care and respect. You should not manipulate, distort, or omit evidence to fit your agenda or to make your arguments more appealing. You should also not fabricate, plagiarize, or misappropriate evidence from other sources. You should respect the integrity of the evidence by using it in its original form and context, by providing accurate and complete references, and by acknowledging its strengths and limitations.

6 Follow ethical guidelines

There are various ethical guidelines and codes of conduct that can help you navigate the ethical challenges and dilemmas of historical research. These guidelines are usually developed by professional associations, institutions, or publishers, and they reflect the values and principles of the historical community. You should familiarize yourself with the ethical guidelines that apply to your research, and follow them accordingly. You should also consult with your peers, mentors, or experts if you encounter any ethical issues or questions.

7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?