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What are the best ways to ensure that climate resilience measures are inclusive?

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Climate change poses serious threats to urban areas, such as extreme weather events, flooding, heat waves, and sea level rise. To cope with these challenges, urban planners need to design and implement climate resilience measures that can reduce the vulnerability and enhance the adaptive capacity of cities and their inhabitants. However, not all urban dwellers are equally affected by or able to cope with the impacts of climate change. Some groups, such as low-income, elderly, disabled, or marginalized communities, may face higher risks and barriers to accessing and benefiting from climate resilience measures. Therefore, it is essential that urban planners ensure that climate resilience measures are inclusive, meaning that they consider the diverse needs, preferences, and values of different urban stakeholders, and that they promote social justice and equity in the distribution of costs and benefits. In this article, we will explore some of the best ways to ensure that climate resilience measures are inclusive, based on the principles and practices of participatory urban planning.

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Berjis Driver

Senior Program Associate, WRI India
Himanshu K.

Innovation through Research & Design

1 Participatory urban planning

Participatory urban planning is an approach that involves the active and meaningful engagement of urban stakeholders, especially those who are often excluded or marginalized, in the processes of identifying, designing, implementing, and evaluating climate resilience measures. Participatory urban planning can help urban planners to understand the local context, needs, and aspirations of different urban groups, to foster trust and collaboration among them, and to ensure that climate resilience measures are responsive, relevant, and acceptable to them. Participatory urban planning can take various forms and methods, such as surveys, workshops, focus groups, mapping, scenario building, co-design, co-implementation, and co-evaluation.

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Himanshu K.

Innovation through Research & Design
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Participatory urban planning in climate resilience measures involves engaging communities to collectively address climate change impacts. In cities like Mumbai, residents, local organizations, and government agencies collaborate to identify vulnerabilities and develop strategies for adaptation and mitigation. Through workshops, public forums, and community surveys, stakeholders contribute local knowledge and priorities to inform resilience planning. This inclusive approach ensures that climate resilience measures are tailored to the specific needs and concerns of communities, fostering ownership and accountability.

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Ali Maddahi

Doctoral Researcher @ Universitat Oberta de Catalunya | City/Urban Planning and GIS specialist
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To ensure that climate resilience measures are inclusive, equity and social justice must be considered during the planning, development, and implementation processes. This can be accomplished by actively engaging with a wide range of community stakeholders, including marginalized and vulnerable groups, to better understand their unique needs, priorities, and knowledge of local climate risks and adaptive capacities. Participatory decision-making processes ensure that resilience strategies are tailored to the diverse socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental contexts of all community members.

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stelme gir?o

Artquiteto e Urbanista | Mestrando em Planejamento Urbano e Direito à Cidade
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Throughout all stages of planning a project, whether research or interventions in the physical environment, dialogue with residents and the broader community concerned is an essential element. This gives a character of action-research and technical assistance to groups that historically have little influence in the decision-making process on the transformation of the city, an approach already well established among national researchers on the subject. Furthermore, this strategy provides access to points of view on the effects of urban interventions that generally do not appear in official narratives.

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2 Co-benefits and trade-offs

Co-benefits and trade-offs are the positive and negative effects that climate resilience measures can have on other aspects of urban development, such as economic growth, social cohesion, environmental quality, and public health. Co-benefits and trade-offs can vary depending on the type, scale, location, and timing of the climate resilience measures, as well as the perspective and interests of different urban stakeholders. For example, a measure that reduces flood risk may also improve water quality, enhance biodiversity, create recreational opportunities, and increase property values, but it may also displace some residents, reduce agricultural land, increase maintenance costs, and create conflicts over water use. Therefore, urban planners need to assess and communicate the co-benefits and trade-offs of climate resilience measures, and to balance them in a way that maximizes the net benefits and minimizes the negative impacts for different urban groups.

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Himanshu K.

Innovation through Research & Design
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Co-benefits and trade-offs arise from climate resilience measures in urban development. For instance, green infrastructure projects like urban parks not only enhance climate resilience by absorbing stormwater but also provide recreational spaces and improve air quality, yielding multiple benefits. However, trade-offs may occur when implementing certain measures. For example, constructing flood barriers may enhance resilience to flooding but could disrupt ecosystems and hinder waterfront access, posing trade-offs in environmental and social aspects.

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3 Adaptive management

Adaptive management is a process that allows urban planners to monitor, evaluate, and adjust climate resilience measures over time, in response to changing conditions, uncertainties, and feedback. Adaptive management can help urban planners to improve the effectiveness, efficiency, and equity of climate resilience measures, by incorporating new information, learning from experience, and addressing emerging challenges and opportunities. Adaptive management can also enhance the inclusiveness of climate resilience measures, by involving urban stakeholders in the monitoring and evaluation of the outcomes and impacts of the measures, by soliciting their feedback and suggestions for improvement, and by ensuring their participation in the decision-making and implementation of the adjustments.

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4 Capacity building

Capacity building is an activity that aims to enhance the knowledge, skills, and resources of urban stakeholders, especially those who are vulnerable or marginalized, to enable them to cope with and adapt to the impacts of climate change, and to participate in and benefit from the climate resilience measures. Capacity building can help urban planners to empower and mobilize urban stakeholders, by providing them with information, education, training, tools, networks, and funding, to increase their awareness, understanding, confidence, and agency in relation to climate change and resilience. Capacity building can also foster the inclusiveness of climate resilience measures, by enhancing the capabilities and contributions of urban stakeholders, by creating opportunities for dialogue, learning, and innovation, and by ensuring their representation and voice in the climate resilience agenda.

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5 Multi-level governance

Multi-level governance is a framework that recognizes and coordinates the roles and responsibilities of different levels of government, such as national, regional, and local, as well as non-governmental actors, such as civil society, private sector, and academia, in the planning and implementation of climate resilience measures. Multi-level governance can help urban planners to leverage the resources, expertise, and influence of different actors, to create synergies, complementarities, and alignment among them, and to address the gaps, overlaps, and conflicts that may arise between them. Multi-level governance can also support the inclusiveness of climate resilience measures, by ensuring the accountability, transparency, and legitimacy of the actors involved, by facilitating the participation and consultation of urban stakeholders, and by promoting the integration and harmonization of the policies, plans, and actions of different levels and sectors.

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Berjis Driver

Senior Program Associate, WRI India
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Setting the right scale before-hand for formulating urban climate action plans / strategies is very important, as observed even in the Indian context. Focusing on the larger regional or district scale as compared to just city is beneficial for multi-level governance as: - Quantitative Data streamlining helps in effective planning of proposed sector-specific climate action measures and in turn, transparent, evidence-based governance. - Accounting for peri-urban and rural settlements and ecosystems, also throws open opportunities to diverse stakeholders to contribute towards formulating more inclusive measures. Knowledge exchange platforms on best practices can save time and help frame budgets for climate action more appropriately.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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What are the best ways to ensure that climate resilience measures are inclusive?

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3

4

5

6

1 Participatory urban planning

2 Co-benefits and trade-offs

3 Adaptive management

4 Capacity building

5 Multi-level governance

6 Here’s what else to consider

Urban Planning

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What are the best ways to ensure that climate resilience measures are inclusive?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 Participatory urban planning

2 Co-benefits and trade-offs

3 Adaptive management

4 Capacity building

5 Multi-level governance

6 Here’s what else to consider

Urban Planning

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