What are the best ways to conduct observational studies for game design?

1 Choose a method

There are different methods of observational studies, depending on your research goals and resources. You can observe players in their natural environment, such as their home, or in a controlled setting, such as a lab or a usability room. You can also decide whether to be a passive observer, who does not interfere with the gameplay, or an active observer, who asks questions, gives instructions, or provides feedback. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, so you need to weigh them carefully.

2 Plan ahead

Before you start observing players, you need to have a clear plan of what you want to learn, how you will collect and analyze data, and how you will protect the privacy and consent of the participants. You should define your research questions, hypotheses, and metrics, and select a sample of players that represents your target audience. You should also prepare your observation tools, such as cameras, microphones, notes, or checklists, and test them beforehand. Finally, you should inform the participants about the purpose, duration, and procedures of the study, and obtain their written or verbal consent.

3 Be flexible

While having a plan is important, you should also be ready to adapt to unexpected situations or findings. Sometimes, you may discover new aspects of the game or the players that you did not anticipate, and you may need to adjust your questions, metrics, or methods accordingly. You should also be prepared to deal with technical issues, such as glitches, crashes, or connectivity problems, and have backup solutions or alternatives. Moreover, you should respect the players' preferences, feelings, and feedback, and avoid forcing them to do something they don't want to or are uncomfortable with.

4 Record and document

Observing players can generate a lot of data, both qualitative and quantitative, that you need to record and document properly. You should use reliable and consistent methods to capture and store the data, such as video recordings, audio recordings, screenshots, or transcripts. You should also take notes or use codes to mark important events, behaviors, or reactions during the observation. Additionally, you should document your observations as soon as possible after the session, while they are still fresh in your mind, and summarize the main findings and implications.

5 Analyze and communicate

The final step of observational studies is to analyze the data and communicate the results. You should use appropriate methods to process and interpret the data, such as coding, categorizing, or quantifying. You should also look for patterns, themes, or outliers that can answer your research questions or support or reject your hypotheses. Furthermore, you should communicate your findings and recommendations to the relevant stakeholders, such as the game designers, developers, or marketers. You should use clear and concise language, visuals, or examples to convey your message and persuade your audience.

6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?