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What is the best way to ensure separation of concerns in MVVM design?

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Separation of concerns is a key principle of software design that aims to reduce complexity and increase maintainability by dividing a system into distinct modules that have well-defined responsibilities and interfaces. In this article, you will learn how to apply this principle in the context of the Model-View-ViewModel (MVVM) design pattern, which is widely used for developing user interfaces.

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Can Delil Bozkurt

1 What is MVVM?

MVVM is a design pattern that consists of three main components: the model, the view, and the view model. The model represents the data and business logic of the system, the view displays the data and handles user interactions, and the view model acts as a bridge between the model and the view, exposing data and commands that the view can bind to. The main benefit of MVVM is that it decouples the view from the model, making it easier to test, reuse, and modify each component independently.

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2 How to separate concerns in MVVM?

One of the best ways to ensure separation of concerns in MVVM is to follow the single responsibility principle, which states that each class or module should have only one reason to change. This means that each component of the MVVM pattern should focus on its own role and avoid taking on responsibilities that belong to another component. For example, the view should not contain any logic or data manipulation, the view model should not access any UI elements or resources, and the model should not depend on any presentation details.

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Rayan Rasheed

Building @Hirenze ??| CTO @VOCS AI | MITACS GRI'25 | INTEL Student Ambassador | Level 2 Seller @ Fiverr | Co-Director @ Zindigi Prize | Member @ MSH | xTA @ UET | Spring & Java Alchemist
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In the MVVM architecture, separation of concerns, coupled with the single responsibility principle, ensures a robust and scalable structure. Adhering to the principle that each function performs only one specific task promotes clarity and maintainability. This practice becomes especially advantageous in terms of scalability; for instance, transitioning a web app to mobile becomes more straightforward by swapping out the view component while keeping the underlying functionality and data interactions intact. This modular approach facilitates easier updates and additions to the system.

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3 How to communicate between components in MVVM?

Another important aspect of separation of concerns in MVVM is how to communicate between the components without creating tight coupling or violating the principle of least knowledge, which states that each module should only know about the modules that it directly interacts with. There are several techniques that can be used to achieve this, such as data binding, commands, events, messages, and services. Data binding is a mechanism that allows the view to automatically update when the view model changes, and vice versa. Commands are actions that the view can invoke on the view model, such as saving or deleting data. Events are notifications that the model can raise to inform the view model about changes in the data or state. Messages are a form of event-driven communication that allows the components to exchange information without knowing each other's identity. Services are abstractions that provide common functionality or access to external resources, such as databases or web services.

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Calvin Smith

Sr Technical Architect, Salesforce MVP HOF, Dreamforce Speaker
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There are a number of ways to communicate between components in MVVM. Double binding of data should be avoided. This is what often happened in Lightning Aura components. One thing to especially avoid is using Window events. This takes things outside your application and needlessly exposes it to other applications. To me, a service is something that a component calls as part of it's code execution, not a method of communication that will cause other components to update. There are two solutions I feel work best: Messaging and Events. Where necessary, a component can be used to relay messages and events to other components, especially where one uses messages and the other uses Events which is usually platform or API dependent.

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4 How to structure the code in MVVM?

A good way to structure the code in MVVM is to use a folder-based or namespace-based approach that organizes the components by their type and function. For example, you can have a folder or namespace for models, another one for views, another one for view models, and another one for services. Within each folder or namespace, you can group the classes by their features or scenarios, such as customer, product, order, etc. This way, you can easily locate and manage the code related to each component and feature.

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5 How to test the code in MVVM?

One of the advantages of separation of concerns in MVVM is that it facilitates testing, as each component can be tested in isolation or in combination with other components. For example, you can use unit testing to verify the logic and behavior of the model and the view model, using mock objects or stubs to simulate the dependencies. You can use integration testing to check the interaction between the components, such as data binding, commands, events, messages, and services. You can use UI testing to validate the appearance and functionality of the view, using tools or frameworks that can simulate user input and output.

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6 How to learn more about MVVM?

If you want to learn more about MVVM and how to apply it in your projects, you can find many resources and courses online that cover the theory and practice of this design pattern. Some of the topics that you can explore are the benefits and challenges of MVVM, the best practices and pitfalls to avoid, the tools and libraries that support MVVM, and the examples and tutorials that demonstrate MVVM in action. You can also join communities and forums where you can ask questions and share your experiences with other developers who use MVVM.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Can Delil Bozkurt
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Many iOS apps are built with MVVM and there are tons of tutorials on YouTube that you can watch and learn. MVVM is often times well suited with Swift and the apple frameworks, so keep a look at it online!

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What is the best way to ensure separation of concerns in MVVM design?

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1 What is MVVM?

2 How to separate concerns in MVVM?

3 How to communicate between components in MVVM?

4 How to structure the code in MVVM?

5 How to test the code in MVVM?

6 How to learn more about MVVM?

7 Here’s what else to consider

Software Design

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What is the best way to ensure separation of concerns in MVVM design?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 What is MVVM?

2 How to separate concerns in MVVM?

3 How to communicate between components in MVVM?

4 How to structure the code in MVVM?

5 How to test the code in MVVM?

6 How to learn more about MVVM?

7 Here’s what else to consider

Software Design

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