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What is the best way to diagnose a CPU spike in Java?

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A CPU spike is a sudden increase in the processor usage of a Java application, which can cause performance issues, slowdowns, or crashes. Diagnosing a CPU spike can be challenging, as there are many possible causes and factors involved. However, by following some best practices and using some tools, you can identify the source of the problem and fix it. In this article, you will learn what are the common causes of CPU spikes, how to monitor and measure CPU usage, how to generate and analyze thread dumps, and how to optimize your code for better performance.

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LakshmiNarasimman R.

Generic Embedded System Enthusiast
Marcelo Acosta Cavalero
Everton Segur

1 Common causes

CPU spikes can be triggered by various events or conditions, such as high user traffic, complex calculations, memory leaks, garbage collection, synchronization, deadlock, infinite loops, or external system calls. Some of these causes are temporary and can be resolved by scaling up your resources or adjusting your configuration. Others are more persistent and require code changes or bug fixes. To determine the cause of a CPU spike, you need to first monitor and measure the CPU usage of your Java application.

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LakshmiNarasimman R.

Generic Embedded System Enthusiast
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Some ways to get started: Thoroughly examine the application that is being run. There could be possibly some loops that consume more CPU. Improper implementation of the algorithms, especially on the critical sections such as performance and hotspots in the code could also add to this. Also make sure that you have opted for the right configuration / settings in the JVM. Reliable parameters could be the heap size, gc settings, and the size of thread pool. All of these could be configured based on your application.

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Marcelo Acosta Cavalero
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Para diagnosticar picos de CPU en Java, es útil comparar la aplicación con un sistema interconectado, donde cada parte influye en la otra. Los picos pueden ser síntomas de problemas más profundos, como una función ineficiente o una mala gestión de recursos. Al igual que un médico utiliza diagnósticos para entender síntomas, herramientas de monitoreo y análisis de rendimiento son esenciales para identificar la causa raíz de los picos de CPU. Se debe examinar la aplicación como un conjunto de componentes interdependientes, evaluando cada uno para encontrar ineficiencias o errores. Este enfoque integral permite no solo solucionar el problema actual, sino también mejorar la salud general de la aplicación.

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Everton Segur
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That's actually a trouble on so many startups what is developed without knowledgement about the capacities of Java. First to solve problems cause by some of this reasons what is mentioned beside, we need to check with timeline of event, general methods what is firing this and then look to code to find any troubles. If you don't look anything you could start to check on JVM debugger and check method by method what is the reason of this problem. I hope help someone with this content.

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Imtiaz Ahammed Nafiz

Software Engineer | Full Stack | International Grandmaster in Competitive Programming
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Diagnose CPU spikes in Java: 1. Use Profilers: - Employ tools like VisualVM or YourKit for code analysis. 2. Thread Dump and Heap Dump: - Analyze thread and heap dumps to identify problematic areas. 3. Garbage Collection Monitoring: - Monitor garbage collection activities for efficiency. 4. CPU Profiling Tools: - Utilize CPU profiling tools for precise performance insights.

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2 Monitoring and measuring

There are several tools and commands that you can use to monitor and measure the CPU usage of your Java application, such as jconsole, jvisualvm, jstat, top, ps, or perf. These tools can show you the overall CPU usage of your application, as well as the CPU usage of each thread or process. You can also use these tools to set alerts or thresholds for CPU usage, so that you can be notified when a spike occurs. Monitoring and measuring the CPU usage can help you narrow down the scope of the problem and identify the most CPU-intensive threads or processes.

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Everton Segur
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I preffer to check with the default jvm debugger on IDE for example. In my experience I was figured out a lot of problems caused since from the jvm used to their apps, until problems caused by libraries or methods whats is already bad configured. On check for IDE we could see this and solve that problem.

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3 Generating and analyzing thread dumps

A thread dump is a snapshot of the state and stack trace of each thread in a Java application at a given moment. A thread dump can provide valuable information about what each thread is doing, waiting for, or blocking on. You can generate thread dumps using tools such as jstack, kill -3, or jcmd. You can also generate thread dumps programmatically using the Thread.getAllStackTraces() method. You can analyze thread dumps using tools such as fastthread, threadlogic, or samurai. You can also analyze thread dumps manually by looking for patterns, such as RUNNABLE, BLOCKED, WAITING, or TIMED_WAITING. Analyzing thread dumps can help you pinpoint the root cause of the CPU spike and find the problematic code or method.

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4 Optimizing your code

Once you have identified the root cause of the CPU spike, you can optimize your code to improve the performance of your Java application. There are several ways to optimize your code, such as using efficient algorithms and data structures, reducing object creation and garbage collection, avoiding unnecessary synchronization and locking, using parallelism and concurrency, caching results and data, and minimizing external system calls. Optimizing your code can help you reduce the CPU usage of your Java application and prevent future CPU spikes.

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Everton Segur
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Use so many libs and frameworks to solve simple problems could improve that chance of being this the problem. Try to minimize usage of third part libs when is necessary just on once case. Another help what I could give my contribuition is to check the usage of sync threads and change that for a reactive approach. This will increase so many times the speed of your app if is well configured.

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5 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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What is the best way to diagnose a CPU spike in Java?

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2

3

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5

1 Common causes

2 Monitoring and measuring

3 Generating and analyzing thread dumps

4 Optimizing your code

5 Here’s what else to consider

Programming

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What is the best way to diagnose a CPU spike in Java?

1

2

3

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5

1 Common causes

2 Monitoring and measuring

3 Generating and analyzing thread dumps

4 Optimizing your code

5 Here’s what else to consider

Programming

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