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What are the best supply chain management practices for space missions?

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Space missions require complex and reliable supply chains that can deliver the necessary materials, equipment, and services to support the mission objectives. However, unlike terrestrial supply chains, space supply chains face unique challenges such as high uncertainty, long lead times, limited resources, and extreme environments. How can engineering managers apply the best supply chain management practices to ensure the success of space missions? In this article, you will learn about six key aspects of space supply chain management and some examples of how they are implemented in real-world scenarios.

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1 Demand Planning

Demand planning is the process of forecasting the demand for products and services based on the mission requirements, goals, and constraints. It involves analyzing the expected demand patterns, variations, and risks, as well as aligning the supply chain capabilities with the demand. Demand planning is crucial for space missions because it helps to optimize the inventory levels, minimize the waste and cost, and improve the responsiveness and flexibility of the supply chain. For example, NASA uses a demand planning system called Integrated Demand Analysis System (IDAS) to forecast the demand for consumables, spare parts, and logistics services for the International Space Station (ISS).

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2 Supplier Selection

Supplier selection is the process of evaluating and choosing the best suppliers for the supply chain based on the criteria such as quality, cost, delivery, reliability, and innovation. It involves screening, comparing, and negotiating with potential suppliers, as well as monitoring and managing their performance. Supplier selection is vital for space missions because it affects the quality, availability, and cost of the products and services that are needed for the mission. For example, SpaceX selects its suppliers based on their ability to meet the stringent specifications, standards, and schedules for its Falcon 9 and Dragon spacecraft.

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Shawn Dutton

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The meticulous process of supplier selection is indeed a cornerstone in the success of space missions. Criteria encompassing quality, cost, delivery, reliability, and innovation are vital benchmarks in this process. Beyond mere initial screening and negotiation, ongoing management and monitoring of suppliers are imperative for mission success. SpaceX's methodology, particularly in the selection of suppliers for their Falcon 9 and Dragon spacecraft, emphasizes stringent specifications and schedules. This meticulous approach ensures that the products and services procured align impeccably with the high standards required for space missions, safeguarding both their quality and reliability, pivotal aspects in the realm of space exploration.

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3 Inventory Management

Inventory management is the process of controlling the quantity, location, and movement of the products and materials that are stored in the supply chain. It involves planning, organizing, and tracking the inventory levels, flows, and replenishment. Inventory management is essential for space missions because it ensures that the right products and materials are available at the right time and place, while minimizing the inventory holding and transportation costs. For example, NASA uses a inventory management system called Inventory Management System (IMS) to manage the inventory of hardware, software, and documentation for its space programs.

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4 Transportation Management

Transportation management is the process of planning, executing, and monitoring the transportation of the products and materials from the suppliers to the customers or end-users. It involves selecting, coordinating, and controlling the transportation modes, routes, carriers, and vehicles, as well as optimizing the transportation costs, time, and quality. Transportation management is critical for space missions because it determines the feasibility, safety, and efficiency of the delivery of the products and materials to the launch sites, orbit, or other destinations. For example, ESA uses a transportation management system called Space Transportation System (STS) to manage the transportation of its payloads and astronauts to and from the ISS.

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5 Risk Management

Risk management is the process of identifying, assessing, and mitigating the risks that may affect the supply chain performance, such as disruptions, delays, damages, losses, or failures. It involves analyzing the sources, impacts, and probabilities of the risks, as well as developing and implementing the risk mitigation strategies, plans, and actions. Risk management is crucial for space missions because it helps to prevent or reduce the negative consequences of the risks, as well as to enhance the resilience and robustness of the supply chain. For example, NASA uses a risk management system called Risk-Informed Decision Making (RIDM) to manage the risks associated with its space exploration missions.

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Justin F.

National Security Space
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Supply chain must be an element of the risk management process - identify robustness of the required supply chain for a given system before proceeding to full engineering development and manufacturing/low rate production. Space mission needs can tend to have very particular/niche supply chain needs.

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6 Integration and Coordination

Integration and coordination is the process of aligning and synchronizing the activities, processes, and information of the supply chain partners, such as suppliers, customers, and service providers. It involves establishing and maintaining the communication, collaboration, and cooperation among the supply chain partners, as well as integrating and coordinating the supply chain resources, capabilities, and systems. Integration and coordination is vital for space missions because it enables the supply chain to operate as a single entity, while leveraging the synergies and complementarities of the supply chain partners. For example, NASA, ESA, JAXA, CSA, and Roscosmos integrate and coordinate their supply chain activities and processes through the ISS Program.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Courtney Bailey

Vice President and Deputy General Counsel at CACI International Inc
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The fundamental aspect of any supply chain is “root cause analysis.” If you cannot trace any part back to the point they took the material out of the ground then you cannot do root cause analysis. Because it could be that the titanium from that particular seam in the mine had a inclusion that resulted in shearing at a certain temperature and the normal smelting process did not fully remove the inclusion resulting in a part that fails in use. That’s why destructive testing is a thing and why you should always do sacrificial testing before using anything in a space flight context.

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What are the best supply chain management practices for space missions?

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3

4

5

6

7

1 Demand Planning

2 Supplier Selection

3 Inventory Management

4 Transportation Management

5 Risk Management

6 Integration and Coordination

7 Here’s what else to consider

Engineering Management

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What are the best supply chain management practices for space missions?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Demand Planning

2 Supplier Selection

3 Inventory Management

4 Transportation Management

5 Risk Management

6 Integration and Coordination

7 Here’s what else to consider

Engineering Management

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