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What are the best strategies for incorporating sea level rise projections into coastal designs?

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Coastal areas are among the most vulnerable to the impacts of sea level rise, which poses serious threats to lives, properties, and ecosystems. As architects, how can we design buildings and landscapes that can adapt to the changing conditions and reduce the risks of flooding, erosion, and storm surges? In this article, we will explore some of the best strategies for incorporating sea level rise projections into coastal designs, based on the latest scientific data and best practices.

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Arghavan O.

Architect ,Interior Designer ,3D visualizer | Bachelor of Architecture - BArch
Tadele Moges (Ta_Mo?)
Tshering Penjor

Chief Technical Advisor, Sustainable Financing of PNG's Protected Area Networks

1 Know the data

The first step to incorporate sea level rise projections into coastal designs is to understand the data sources, methods, and scenarios that inform them. Sea level rise is not uniform across the globe, and it depends on various factors such as land subsidence, ocean currents, and ice melt. Therefore, it is important to use local and regional data that reflect the specific conditions and trends of the site. Moreover, sea level rise projections are based on different emission scenarios and time horizons, which represent different levels of uncertainty and risk. Therefore, it is important to use multiple scenarios and ranges that capture the variability and sensitivity of the projections, and to update them regularly as new data and models become available.

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Arghavan O.

Architect ,Interior Designer ,3D visualizer | Bachelor of Architecture - BArch
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Hybrid Approaches: Rather than solely fighting against rising sea levels, consider adapting to new climatic conditions. Hybrid strategies that blend both approaches can be more resilient and context-specific. Integrated Management: Implementing adaptation strategies requires integrated governance. Engage stakeholders, account for socio-cultural factors, and consider local geography and climate. Life Cycle Cost Analysis: Engineers should undertake life cycle cost analyses that incorporate sea level rise projections for each project. This methodology aids decision-making for climate change adaptation alternatives

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Tadele Moges (Ta_Mo?)
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Conduct research and analysis of projected sea level rise data. By understanding the potential rise in sea levels over time, architects can make informed decisions about the placement, elevation, and materials used in their designs.

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2 Assess the risks

The second step to incorporate sea level rise projections into coastal designs is to assess the risks and vulnerabilities of the site and the surrounding context. Sea level rise can exacerbate the effects of other coastal hazards, such as storm surges, wave action, coastal erosion, saltwater intrusion, and groundwater flooding. Therefore, it is important to conduct a comprehensive risk assessment that considers the exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity of the site and its users, as well as the potential impacts and consequences of different sea level rise scenarios. A risk assessment can help identify the critical assets and functions that need to be protected, the areas and populations that are most at risk, and the opportunities and constraints for adaptation.

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3 Choose the strategies

The third step to incorporate sea level rise projections into coastal designs is to choose the strategies that best suit the site and the project goals. There are three main types of strategies for adapting to sea level rise: protection, accommodation, and retreat. Protection strategies aim to prevent or reduce the impacts of sea level rise by building hard or soft defenses, such as seawalls, dikes, berms, wetlands, or reefs. Accommodation strategies aim to cope with the impacts of sea level rise by modifying the design or use of buildings and landscapes, such as elevating structures, installing flood-proof materials, or creating multifunctional spaces. Retreat strategies aim to avoid the impacts of sea level rise by relocating or removing buildings and infrastructure from the coastal zone, such as buying out properties, restoring natural habitats, or creating buffer zones.

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Tadele Moges (Ta_Mo?)
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This may include incorporating flexible building materials, designing structures that can be easily modified or elevated, and creating green infrastructure to absorb excess water. By thinking ahead and planning for future sea level rise, architects can ensure that their designs remain functional and resilient for years to come.

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4 Integrate the design

The fourth step to incorporate sea level rise projections into coastal designs is to integrate the chosen strategies into a coherent and resilient design. This means that the design should not only address the technical and functional aspects of adaptation, but also the aesthetic, social, and environmental aspects. A good design should be flexible and adaptable to changing conditions and uncertainties, as well as responsive and compatible with the existing context and culture. A good design should also be multifunctional and synergistic, meaning that it should provide multiple benefits and services, such as enhancing biodiversity, improving water quality, or creating recreational opportunities.

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Tshering Penjor

Chief Technical Advisor, Sustainable Financing of PNG's Protected Area Networks
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Good design is definitely important. However, it must also be noted that adequate resources must be allocated since coastal adaptations in the islands are extremely expensive since all materials have to be transported from elsewhere and there are cases where sand were extracted from other island to build carry out adaptation in another island thus increasing vulnerability of that particular island which is maladaptation.

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5 Engage the stakeholders

The fifth step to incorporate sea level rise projections into coastal designs is to engage the stakeholders who are affected by or involved in the project. Stakeholders can include the clients, the users, the authorities, the community, the experts, and the public. Engaging stakeholders can help to collect and share relevant information, to identify and address the needs and preferences, to generate and evaluate the alternatives, to communicate and educate the risks and opportunities, and to foster collaboration and participation. Engaging stakeholders can also help to build trust and support for the project, as well as to ensure its feasibility and sustainability.

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Tadele Moges (Ta_Mo?)
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Collaboration with experts in climate science and engineering is key to successfully incorporating sea level rise projections into coastal designs. By working together with professionals who specialize in sea level rise mitigation and adaptation, architects can develop innovative solutions that address the unique challenges posed by rising sea levels.

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6 Monitor and evaluate

The sixth and final step to incorporate sea level rise projections into coastal designs is to monitor and evaluate the performance and outcomes of the project. Monitoring and evaluation can help to measure and verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the adaptation strategies, as well as to identify and correct any problems or gaps. Monitoring and evaluation can also help to learn from the experience and feedback, as well as to improve and innovate the design and the process. Monitoring and evaluation can be done at different stages and scales, using various methods and indicators, such as surveys, sensors, models, or indicators.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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What are the best strategies for incorporating sea level rise projections into coastal designs?

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1 Know the data

2 Assess the risks

3 Choose the strategies

4 Integrate the design

5 Engage the stakeholders

6 Monitor and evaluate

7 Here’s what else to consider

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