What are the best practices and standards for GNSS augmentation systems for aviation?

1 What is GNSS augmentation?

GNSS augmentation is a process of improving the accuracy, availability, continuity, and integrity of GNSS signals and information by using additional data sources, such as ground stations, aircraft equipment, or other satellites. GNSS augmentation systems can be classified into four categories: satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS), ground-based augmentation system (GBAS), aircraft-based augmentation system (ABAS), and regional augmentation system (RAS).

2 What are the benefits of GNSS augmentation for aviation?

GNSS augmentation systems can offer a range of advantages for aviation, such as enabling more precise and flexible flight paths which can lead to reduced fuel consumption, emissions, noise, and congestion. Advanced and safer approach and landing procedures can be supported to increase airport capacity, accessibility, and efficiency. Furthermore, GNSS augmentation systems can enhance situational awareness and navigation capabilities to improve flight safety and security. Additionally, they provide redundancy and backup for GNSS signals which can help mitigate the risks of interference, spoofing, or jamming.

3 What are the challenges of GNSS augmentation for aviation?

Despite the advantages of GNSS augmentation systems, there are also some challenges and limitations that need to be addressed. Developing, deploying, maintaining, and certifying a GNSS augmentation system can be complex and costly, depending on its type, scope, and region. Additionally, compatibility and interoperability of different GNSS augmentation systems may affect the seamless and harmonized use of GNSS services across regions and domains. Lastly, policy and regulatory frameworks for GNSS augmentation systems involve multiple stakeholders, standards, and agreements at national, regional, and international levels.

4 What are the best practices for GNSS augmentation for aviation?

To ensure the optimal and safe use of GNSS augmentation systems for aviation, some best practices should be followed. This includes adhering to the guidelines and recommendations of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), as well as the standards and specifications of the International Standards Organization (ISO). Additionally, it is important to implement the principles and criteria of the International Committee on GNSS (ICG). Furthermore, engaging in collaborative and consultative processes with relevant stakeholders, such as GNSS service providers, aviation authorities, industry associations, and user groups is essential.

5 What are the future trends for GNSS augmentation for aviation?

GNSS augmentation systems are continually adapting to meet the needs of aviation. Future trends may include integrating new technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, blockchain, or quantum computing to improve performance, security, and resilience. Additionally, sources and types of GNSS augmentation data can be expanded and diversified with the use of low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), or Internet of Things (IoT) devices to increase coverage, accuracy, and availability of GNSS augmentation services. Harmonizing and optimizing governance and management of GNSS augmentation systems is also important; establishing common standards, protocols, and interfaces can facilitate interoperability, compatibility, and efficiency.