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What are the best practices for quality control and assurance in soil sampling for gold exploration?

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Soil sampling is one of the most common and cost-effective methods for gold exploration. It involves collecting and analyzing soil samples from the surface or near-surface to detect the presence and distribution of gold and other elements. However, soil sampling also requires careful planning and execution to ensure the quality and reliability of the data. In this article, we will discuss some of the best practices for quality control and assurance in soil sampling for gold exploration.

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Dr. Raymond Youngblood, Jr.

Minerals Extractor | Created the Hybrid Currency | Paramount Chief | @YoungbloodIndustries | From Louisiana, USA
Dr. Vinay K. Sahay

Director at MEPL Research Foundation
Kaginele Prabhakara

private geological Consultant

1 Choose a suitable sampling method

There are different methods for collecting soil samples, depending on the type and depth of the soil, the terrain, the accessibility, and the budget. Some of the common methods are auger sampling, shovel sampling, pit sampling, and grid sampling. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, and the choice should be based on the objectives and conditions of the project. For example, auger sampling can provide deeper and more representative samples, but it is also more time-consuming and labor-intensive than shovel sampling.

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Dr. Vinay K. Sahay

Director at MEPL Research Foundation
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Quality control and assurance in soil sampling for gold exploration is crucial for reliable results. Best practices include using standardized sampling methods, maintaining strict protocols to prevent contamination, and conducting regular calibration checks on equipment. Implementing proper documentation procedures ensures traceability and accountability. Utilizing experienced personnel trained in sampling techniques and analsis minimizes errors. Employing duplicate sampling and blind testing helps validate results and identify any inconsistencies. Regularly calibrating analytical instruments ensures accuracy. Adhering to these practices enhances the reliability and credibility of soil sampling data in gold exploration.

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Kaginele Prabhakara

private geological Consultant
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Soil sampling for gold is not a simple method. Gold because of its high Sp. Gr. It goes down much faster below and it is necessary to go for deep in soil till we reach a weathered rock bottom. Always do sieving and panning at every sample you collected to know the concentration of gold.

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Dr. Raymond Youngblood, Jr.

Minerals Extractor | Created the Hybrid Currency | Paramount Chief | @YoungbloodIndustries | From Louisiana, USA
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Depends on location, cubic/square area, access to resources, and equipment, expertise.. Small-Scale (No Resources) Likely no/limited resources, manual methods like shovel sampling. Not as comprehensive, an essential collection without specialized equipment. Small-Scale With limited resources, a balanced approach is auger sampling. More time-consuming and labor-intensive than shovel sampling, it provides more profound and representative samples, offering a middle ground between comprehensive data and resource constraints. Get lab tests (assays). Large-Scale You likely have ample resources; grid sampling offers a systematic and thorough approach, allowing for a detailed analysis of soil variations across the entire area. Get lab assays.

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2 Follow a consistent sampling protocol

To ensure the comparability and reproducibility of the soil sampling data, it is important to follow a consistent and standardized sampling protocol. This includes defining the sampling grid, the sample size, the sample depth, the sample frequency, the sample labeling, the sample storage, and the sample transportation. The sampling protocol should also specify how to deal with potential sources of error and contamination, such as organic matter, moisture, surface disturbance, and cross-contamination.

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Dr. Raymond Youngblood, Jr.

Minerals Extractor | Created the Hybrid Currency | Paramount Chief | @YoungbloodIndustries | From Louisiana, USA
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Clear rules, collecting rocks/soil (where, how many, how deep, how challenging), ensuring reliable comparisons. Small Scale (No Resources) Small areas, a straightforward sampling grid, and prioritize critical factors like sample size, depth, and frequency. Pay attention to rock/soil types for crushing/washing. Small-Scale Define sampling sector (grid specifics, sample size, depth, frequency, labeling, storage, and transportation.) You can extract from a proven sector while another area is being defined. Large-Scale Comprehensive/detailed sampling protocol to define a well-structured sampling grid and precisely outline sample size, depth, frequency, labeling, storage, and transportation procedures. Account for errors and contamination.

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3 Implement quality control measures

Quality control (QC) refers to the measures taken to monitor and verify the accuracy and precision of the soil sampling data. QC measures include collecting field duplicates, blanks, and standards, as well as performing field checks and audits. Field duplicates are samples taken from the same location and depth as the original sample, to assess the variability and repeatability of the sampling method. Blanks are samples that contain no gold or other elements of interest, to detect any contamination during the sampling or analysis process. Standards are samples that have a known concentration of gold or other elements, to evaluate the accuracy and calibration of the analytical method.

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Greg Ashcroft, M.Sc, G.I.T, ACP

Unleashing Business Potential through Database Management, Integration and Analytics for the Mineral Resource Industry
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As far as I know there are no "soil standards" as you can have varying soil types across regions. Duplicates can be hit and miss as the sampling protocol needs to be very consistent. Blanks are usually the best QC to use for soils to ensure there isn't any contamination across samples.

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Dr. Raymond Youngblood, Jr.

Minerals Extractor | Created the Hybrid Currency | Paramount Chief | @YoungbloodIndustries | From Louisiana, USA
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No Money, Get Creative In the past and still sometimes today, I have used soil standards established by various organizations, including soil testing, analysis, and interpretation from Government Organizations like US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Army Corps, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), various Ministries and Commissions like Ghana's Minerals Commission or Liberia's Ministry of Lands and Mines, Sudan's Ministry of Energy and Mining, World Bank, UN, and soil samples from large building and skyscrapers, different water suppliers, stations, well diggers, towers, sampling from environmental groups, land reclamation, road and bridge construction, carbon credits folks, archaeologist and the list goes on.

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4 Apply quality assurance procedures

Quality assurance (QA) refers to the procedures applied to ensure that the QC measures are effective and adequate. QA procedures include reviewing and validating the QC data, identifying and correcting any outliers or anomalies, and documenting and reporting any issues or deviations. QA procedures also involve selecting and evaluating a reputable and accredited laboratory for the analysis of the soil samples, as well as ensuring that the laboratory follows its own QC and QA protocols.

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Dr. Raymond Youngblood, Jr.

Minerals Extractor | Created the Hybrid Currency | Paramount Chief | @YoungbloodIndustries | From Louisiana, USA
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Quality Assurance (QA) Imagine you have a friend who is a rock expert. Before he starts digging, he checks the tools he uses, like the shovel, the bucket, machine to ensure they are strong and won't break. He will look around the area to ensure it's the most likely place to find interesting rocks. QA is like getting ready and ensuring everything is good before you start digging. Quality Control (QC) When you start digging in the ground, another friend keeps an eye on the rocks you find. They ensure each rock or soil sample is unique and exactly what you're looking for. They stack them in different piles based on the rock and soil type or area you took it. The lab does a more thorough test to tell you exactly what’s in that soil or rock.

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5 Interpret and integrate the results

The final step in soil sampling for gold exploration is to interpret and integrate the results with other geological and geophysical data. This involves creating maps, graphs, and tables to visualize and summarize the soil sampling data, as well as identifying and delineating any anomalies or trends that indicate the potential for gold mineralization. The interpretation and integration of the results should also consider the limitations and uncertainties of the soil sampling method, as well as the regional and local geology, geochemistry, and geochronology of the area.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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What are the best practices for quality control and assurance in soil sampling for gold exploration?

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1 Choose a suitable sampling method

2 Follow a consistent sampling protocol

3 Implement quality control measures

4 Apply quality assurance procedures

5 Interpret and integrate the results

6 Here’s what else to consider

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