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Last updated on 2024年8月17日

What are the best practices for mitigating earthquake-induced landslides in urban areas?

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Earthquakes can trigger devastating landslides that damage buildings, infrastructure, and lives in urban areas. As a geotechnical engineer, you need to know how to assess the risk of earthquake-induced slope failures and landslides, and how to design effective mitigation measures. In this article, we will discuss some of the best practices for reducing the impact of seismic hazards on slopes and improving the resilience of urban communities.

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David Ohene Adjei Opoku

Civil Engineer | Researcher | Leader | Strategist
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1 Understand the factors

The first step in mitigating earthquake-induced landslides is to understand the factors that influence the stability of slopes and the potential for failure. These factors include the geology, topography, soil properties, groundwater conditions, vegetation, land use, and seismicity of the area. You can use various methods to collect and analyze data on these factors, such as field investigations, laboratory tests, remote sensing, mapping, and modeling. Based on the data, you can identify the types, locations, and triggers of landslides that may occur during an earthquake.

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???加入通往岩土工程解决方案的旅程 | 岩土工程师简化深基础、深墙、打桩和钻井液 | BAUER集团岩土工程师 | 从土壤到结构塑造成功
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1. Understand the Factors: Comprehend geological, topographical, and soil conditions influencing landslide susceptibility in urban areas. 2. Evaluate the Hazards: Assess seismic risks and potential landslide impacts, considering soil liquefaction, slope stability, and ground shaking. 3. Implement Measures: Develop and apply engineering solutions like retaining walls, slope stabilization, and drainage systems to minimize landslide risks. 4. Choose the Best Option: Select the most effective mitigation strategy based on site-specific conditions and the severity of earthquake-induced landslide hazards.

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David Ohene Adjei Opoku

Civil Engineer | Researcher | Leader | Strategist
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Perform a geological and topographical assessment by Identifying the factors contributing to landslide risks, such as slope gradients, soil composition, and groundwater conditions. In Ghana, regions like the Western Region, characterized by hilly terrain and weak soil structures, can be particularly vulnerable. Understanding these factors helps in predicting where landslides are more likely to occur.

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2 Evaluate the hazards

The next step is to evaluate the hazards posed by earthquake-induced landslides to urban areas. You can use different tools and techniques to estimate the probability, magnitude, and consequences of slope failures and landslides, such as hazard maps, risk assessments, scenario analyses, and loss estimations. These tools can help you prioritize the areas that need mitigation, and communicate the risks to the stakeholders and decision-makers. You can also use these tools to monitor and update the hazards over time, as the conditions and scenarios may change.

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David Ohene Adjei Opoku

Civil Engineer | Researcher | Leader | Strategist
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Use geological surveys and historical data to assess and map high-risk areas. For example, after the 2010 earthquake in Haiti, risk assessments highlighted areas prone to landslides. In Ghana, similar assessments could be beneficial for urban areas such as Accra, where rapid urbanization and unplanned development might exacerbate landslide risks.

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3 Implement the measures

The final step is to implement the mitigation measures that can reduce the risk of earthquake-induced landslides in urban areas. There are two main types of measures: structural and non-structural. Structural measures involve modifying the slope geometry, strength, or drainage to enhance its stability and resistance to failure. Examples of structural measures are retaining walls, soil nails, anchors, piles, geosynthetics, drainage systems, and vegetation. Non-structural measures involve changing the land use, planning, zoning, regulations, policies, and awareness to reduce the exposure and vulnerability of urban areas to landslides. Examples of non-structural measures are relocation, setback, prohibition, insurance, education, and early warning systems.

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Guilherme Freitas

Diretor Técnico na Geocontrole Brasil | Geotecnia | Geologia de Engenharia | Pesquisa e Explora??o Mineral | DSc Student at UFOP
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A implementa??o de medidas mitigatórias de riscos de escorregamentos ocasionados por sismos, deve ser fundamenta no resultado de análises procedidas sobre dados de investiga??es geológico-geotécnicas da área de interesse de estudo. A partir do resultado das investiga??es é possível de se determinar o tipo de ocorrência de solos e rochas, assim como, a partir de ensaios específicos, como o ensaio de pulso ultrass?nico, definir as velocidades de propaga??o de ondas mecanicas no terreno (Vp e Vs) o que é um dado indispensável para o projeto de medidas mitigatórias. Como medida estrutura é possível modificar a geometria das encostas ou a aplica??o de conten??o no terreno. Como medida n?o estrutural um plano de ocupa??o do solo é adequado.

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4 Choose the best option

There is no one-size-fits-all solution for mitigating earthquake-induced landslides in urban areas. You need to choose the best option for each case, based on the technical, economic, social, and environmental factors. You also need to consider the feasibility, effectiveness, durability, and sustainability of the option. You can use various methods to compare and select the best option, such as cost-benefit analysis, multi-criteria analysis, stakeholder consultation, and expert judgment. You should also review and evaluate the performance and impact of the option after its implementation.

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5 Collaborate with others

Mitigating earthquake-induced landslides in urban areas is not a solo task. You need to collaborate with other professionals , such as civil engineers, urban planners, architects, geologists, seismologists, hydrologists, ecologists, and emergency managers. You also need to engage with the public, the government, the private sector, and the non-governmental organizations. By working together, you can share knowledge, resources, and responsibilities, and achieve better outcomes for the safety and well-being of urban communities.

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6 Learn from experience

One of the best ways to improve your practice of mitigating earthquake-induced landslides in urban areas is to learn from experience. You can learn from your own projects, as well as from the best practices and lessons learned from other cases around the world. You can also participate in research, training, conferences, and networks that focus on this topic. By learning from experience, you can update your skills, knowledge, and methods, and apply them to new challenges and opportunities.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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What are the best practices for mitigating earthquake-induced landslides in urban areas?

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1 Understand the factors

2 Evaluate the hazards

3 Implement the measures

4 Choose the best option

5 Collaborate with others

6 Learn from experience

7 Here’s what else to consider

Geotechnical Engineering

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