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What are the best practices for integrating media literacy into different subjects and levels of education?

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Media literacy is the ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media messages in various forms and contexts. It is a vital skill for students to develop critical thinking, communication, and citizenship in the digital age. But how can educators integrate media literacy into different subjects and levels of education? Here are some best practices to consider.

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Sharon Wickham-Foxwell

Communications Specialist/Semi-retired at Freelance, Communications Consultant

1 Define media literacy goals

Before designing any media literacy activities or projects, you need to have a clear idea of what you want your students to learn and achieve. Depending on your subject, grade level, and curriculum standards, you may have different media literacy goals, such as understanding media messages, recognizing bias and stereotypes, producing media content, or participating in civic discourse. You can use frameworks such as the National Association for Media Literacy Education (NAMLE) Core Principles or the Media and Information Literacy (MIL) Competency Framework to guide your planning and assessment.

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Sharon Wickham-Foxwell

Communications Specialist/Semi-retired at Freelance, Communications Consultant
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Teach students to "go deep", think critically and engage the core media literacy concepts to understand the message: Who manufactured the message? What techniques are being used to engage the consumer (reader, watcher, listener etc.)? How might target audiences interpret the message? What is missing from the message? Why was this piece of media produced or created?

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2 Use relevant and diverse media texts

One of the key aspects of media literacy is to expose students to a variety of media texts, such as news articles, advertisements, videos, podcasts, memes, or social media posts. You can select media texts that are relevant to your subject matter, current events, or students' interests and backgrounds. For example, you can use media texts to illustrate historical events, scientific concepts, literary devices, or cultural perspectives. You can also encourage students to bring in their own media texts or sources that they encounter in their daily lives.

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3 Engage students in critical analysis and discussion

Another essential component of media literacy is to help students develop the skills and habits of mind to critically analyze and discuss media texts. You can use questions or strategies such as the 5 Key Questions of Media Literacy, the CRAP Test, or the SIFT Method to guide students through the process of examining the purpose, audience, message, techniques, and credibility of media texts. You can also facilitate classroom discussions or online forums where students can share their opinions, perspectives, and questions about media texts and issues.

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Jaime Erickson

College Admissions Specialist | College Access Advocate | Writing Mentor and Coach | Learning and Development
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In my experience, challenging students to focus on developing their rhetorical awareness skills like this translates to transferrable writing, communication, and critical thinking skills across disciplines and contexts.

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4 Encourage students to create and share media

Media literacy is not only about consuming media, but also about creating and sharing media. You can provide opportunities for students to produce their own media texts, such as posters, podcasts, videos, blogs, or digital stories. You can also challenge students to apply their media literacy skills and knowledge to create media texts that inform, persuade, entertain, or advocate for a cause. You can also help students to publish and distribute their media texts to authentic audiences, such as peers, parents, or the wider community.

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Jaime Erickson

College Admissions Specialist | College Access Advocate | Writing Mentor and Coach | Learning and Development
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Challenge students with authentic assignments. The real-life stakes build both skills and awareness and help students take such skill-building seriously.

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5 Support students to be responsible and ethical media users

Media literacy also involves teaching students to be responsible and ethical media users who respect the rights and responsibilities of themselves and others in the digital world. You can educate students about the legal and ethical issues related to media use, such as copyright, plagiarism, privacy, security, cyberbullying, or digital citizenship. You can also model and promote positive and respectful online behaviors and norms, such as giving credit, citing sources, seeking permission, or acknowledging different viewpoints.

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6 Reflect on your own media literacy practices

Finally, as an educator, you also need to reflect on your own media literacy practices and how they influence your teaching and learning. You can assess your own media literacy strengths and areas for improvement, and seek professional development opportunities or resources to enhance your skills and knowledge. You can also collaborate with other educators or experts to share ideas, experiences, and feedback on integrating media literacy into your curriculum. You can also invite feedback from your students and stakeholders on how to improve your media literacy instruction and outcomes.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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What are the best practices for integrating media literacy into different subjects and levels of education?

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1 Define media literacy goals

2 Use relevant and diverse media texts

3 Engage students in critical analysis and discussion

4 Encourage students to create and share media

5 Support students to be responsible and ethical media users

6 Reflect on your own media literacy practices

7 Here’s what else to consider

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