What are the best practices for deploying Wi-Fi 6 access points to avoid interference?

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Wi-Fi 6, or 802.11ax, is the latest generation of wireless technology that promises faster speeds, higher capacity, and lower latency. However, to enjoy these benefits, you need to deploy your Wi-Fi 6 access points (APs) properly to avoid interference from other devices, networks, and sources. Interference can degrade your Wi-Fi performance, cause connection drops, and increase security risks. Here are some best practices for deploying Wi-Fi 6 APs to avoid interference.

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Srehari Saravanan

M.S. Cybersecurity '23 @ Stevens Tech

1 Choose the right channels

One of the main advantages of Wi-Fi 6 is that it can use both the 2.4 GHz and the 5 GHz frequency bands and divide them into smaller sub-channels for more efficient data transmission. However, not all channels are equally free from interference. Some channels may overlap with other Wi-Fi networks, Bluetooth devices, microwave ovens, cordless phones, or radar systems. To avoid interference, choose the channels that are least congested and have the least overlap. You can use a Wi-Fi analyzer tool to scan the spectrum and find the best channels for your APs.

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Srehari Saravanan

M.S. Cybersecurity '23 @ Stevens Tech
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Choosing the right channel for deploying Wi-Fi 6 access points is crucial to minimizing interference and optimizing network performance. Using DFS channels can provide additional spectrum in the 5 GHz band but are subject to radar detection and avoidance. If the environment allows, using DFS channels can reduce interference since they are less commonly used. Use Wi-Fi analysis tools like Ekahau or AirMagnet to analyze the wireless spectrum, identify existing networks, and determine the least congested channels.

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2 Adjust the transmit power

Another factor that affects interference is the transmit power of your APs. Transmit power is the amount of energy that your APs use to send and receive signals. If the transmit power is too high, your APs may interfere with each other or with nearby networks, especially if they are close together. If the transmit power is too low, your APs may not cover the intended area or reach the clients effectively. To avoid interference, adjust the transmit power of your APs according to the distance, density, and layout of your environment. Use a Wi-Fi planning tool to calculate the optimal transmit power for your APs.

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Jonathan Finney

Senior Solutions Architect @ Verinext
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Trying to match the client's max transmit strength is the best practice in understanding what transmit power you should set your APs on.

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3 Enable interference mitigation features

Wi-Fi 6 also comes with some features that can help mitigate interference and improve resilience. One of these features is OFDMA, or orthogonal frequency division multiple access, which allows multiple clients to share the same channel without interfering with each other. Another feature is BSS coloring, which assigns a color code to each basic service set (BSS), or Wi-Fi network, and reduces the impact of co-channel interference. A third feature is TWT, or target wake time, which schedules the wake and sleep cycles of clients and reduces power consumption and contention. To avoid interference, enable these features on your APs and make sure your clients support them as well.

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Jonathan Finney

Senior Solutions Architect @ Verinext
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In real world practical application, this is done by RRM (Cisco) or ARM (Aruba) and how you tune it matters. You can also set this all manually but these are the real mitigation features.

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4 Use proper antenna placement and orientation

The antenna placement and orientation of your APs can also affect interference and coverage. The antenna placement determines how far and wide your APs can broadcast their signals. The antenna orientation determines how the signals are polarized and how they interact with the environment. To avoid interference, place your APs in locations that are clear of physical obstacles, such as walls, ceilings, furniture, or metal objects. Also make sure to orient your APs in a way that matches the polarization of your clients and minimizes the reflection and attenuation of the signals.

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5 Monitor and troubleshoot interference

Finally, to avoid interference, monitor and troubleshoot your Wi-Fi 6 network regularly and proactively. Use a Wi-Fi management tool to collect and analyze data from your APs and clients, such as signal strength, noise level, channel utilization, throughput, latency, and errors. You should also use a Wi-Fi testing tool to perform active and passive tests on your network, such as ping, speed, quality, roaming, and spectrum analysis. By monitoring and troubleshooting your Wi-Fi 6 network, you can identify and resolve any interference issues before they affect your performance and user experience.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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What are the best practices for deploying Wi-Fi 6 access points to avoid interference?

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1 Choose the right channels

2 Adjust the transmit power

3 Enable interference mitigation features

4 Use proper antenna placement and orientation

5 Monitor and troubleshoot interference

6 Here’s what else to consider

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