What are the best debugging strategies for Python and Java systems?

As a python enthusiastic, i oftenly use pdb with ipyton extensions if im debugging from a docker, otherwise pycharm’s breakpoint environment. Try to write tests to each tiny code block to make sure you have both coverage and easy debugging

Let me bring the following quote: " Debugging is harder than writing quality code, so if you have to debug code you have written (at the top of your abilities), it's above your abilities to find the bugs by debugging". This idea has proven itself many times through my professional career, I am suggesting to do the following before you have to use a debugger: 1. Write readable code. 2. Write code that can be easily unit-tested and always supply unit tests with it. 3. The earlier your code fails on input data - the better. Use assertions, especially for languages which are not strongly typed, like python. In Python, you might even do assertions on argument types and shapes, that helps, especially if you write API for other people to call.

- I'm a big proponent of Test Driven Development; Write tests for your interface, then write the interface. I use Pytest+coverage and try to parameterize the tests to try as many cases as necessary, mocking components if needed and checking for error cases. - PDB is a must- GUI based debuggers are fine, but you wont always have a graphical interface. - Proper logging is also a must; unexpected errors may be difficult to reproduce, but proper logging gets you closer to simulating the issue in a controlled environment. - Use pre-commit with your preferred hooks to check for desired lint (black, isort) - Implement CI to run your unit tests on all PRs to your main branches.

Why is "indentation-based syntax" a drawback? As for debugging, the best thing to do is to proactively minimize the chances of this happening. The two best ways I know to do this are: 1. Use types to encode your problem, thus making invalid execution paths impossible to run. While Python is not statically typed (and IMHO is far from being an adequate language for type-driven development), type annotations and verification (via mypy or pyright) hav e improved enough to be useful. 2. Include automated tests verifying critical code execution. Do test driven development (TDD) and property based testing (e.g., via Hypothesis in Python) to identify and test edge cases early.

During a coffee break, a former colleague shared his secret to debugging Python with me. 'Honestly?' he said, 'Just write your code in a static language to begin with.' It's the coding equivalent of bringing a knife to a gunfight and somehow ending up winning.

Debugging the systems written in any language is neither easy nor challenging. Best practices followed definitely makes debugging job simpler. There are various ways to debug java system in different environments. Use of proper logging in the code, unit test cases, use of IDE makes the job easier. IntelliJ, Eclipse, Netbeans are widely used IDE which helps debug and inspect the variables or data in dev/local environment. Log or print statements can help in production environment to debug. Thread dump or heap dump can be taken from any of the environment to debug deadlock or the memory leak issues. There are various monitoring and profiling tools comes with Java which also helps in debugging.