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What are the best approaches to handle web application exceptions?

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Web applications are complex and dynamic, and they often encounter unexpected situations that can cause errors or failures. These situations are called exceptions, and they can disrupt the user experience, damage the data integrity, or compromise the security of the application. Therefore, web developers need to implement effective strategies to handle web application exceptions and prevent them from causing serious problems. In this article, you will learn about some of the best approaches to handle web application exceptions, such as using try-catch blocks, logging errors, validating inputs, customizing error pages, and testing and debugging.

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Use try-catch blocks:

Implementing try-catch blocks in your code allows you to manage exceptions gracefully, preventing application crashes. This method helps display user-friendly messages and maintain a seamless user experience.### *Log errors effectively:Logging errors with detailed information aids in identifying and resolving issues quickly. Use tools like Log4j or Serilog to monitor application performance and troubleshoot efficiently.

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Saurav Singh

AVP Engineering - Zomato | Computer…
Rohit Kharanghar

Building Highly Scalable Platforms

1 Try-catch blocks

One of the most common and basic ways to handle web application exceptions is to use try-catch blocks. A try-catch block is a code structure that allows you to execute a block of code that might throw an exception (try), and catch the exception if it occurs and handle it accordingly (catch). For example, you can use a try-catch block to attempt to connect to a database and handle the exception if the connection fails. Try-catch blocks can help you avoid crashes, display user-friendly messages, and recover from errors gracefully.

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Saurav Singh

AVP Engineering - Zomato | Computer Science - IIT Delhi
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It is a good practice to use Try Catch Blocks to handle exceptions at the function level. However, it is always a good idea to have an exception or error handler at the routes interceptor level. Also, not every programming language has a built-in exception-handling construct. Generally, not every exception should be handled at the function level especially when it's not logical to do so. In the context of Java, checked and unchecked exceptions are two categories of exceptions. Unchecked exceptions should not be checked as they are mostly associated with coding issues like dividing by zero, null pointer etc.

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2 Logging errors

Another important approach to handle web application exceptions is to log them. Logging errors means recording the details of the exceptions that occur in your application, such as the time, location, type, and message of the error. Logging errors can help you monitor the performance and health of your application, identify the root causes of the problems, and fix them quickly. You can use various tools and frameworks to log errors in your web application, such as Log4j, NLog, Serilog, or ELK stack.

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Rohit Kharanghar

Building Highly Scalable Platforms
(已编辑)
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Some important gotchas are - Adding contextual information to the error log can significantly aid in debugging and troubleshooting. - Aggregating error logs at specific points rather than logging at every function call is a good strategy for managing log sizes and minimizing infrastructure costs. This is especially important in production environments where excessive logging can impact performance and resource usage. - Some logger framework provides features to add function name, line number etc to error log and it's crucial to balance the need for detailed logs with the impact on performance. Consider enabling these features selectively e.g in non-prod environments, and disable them in production if the performance impact is significant.

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3 Validating inputs

A common source of web application exceptions is invalid or malicious user inputs. For example, if a user enters a wrong email address, a non-existent product ID, or a SQL injection attack, your application might throw an exception or behave unexpectedly. Therefore, you need to validate the inputs that your application receives from the users, such as forms, queries, or parameters. Validating inputs means checking if they match the expected format, type, range, or length, and rejecting or sanitizing them if they don't. Validating inputs can help you prevent errors, protect your data, and enhance your security.

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4 Customizing error pages

Sometimes, despite your best efforts, your web application might encounter an exception that you cannot handle or recover from. In that case, your application might display a generic error page to the user, such as a 404 Not Found or a 500 Internal Server Error. However, these error pages are often uninformative, unappealing, and frustrating for the user. Therefore, you should customize your error pages to make them more user-friendly and helpful. Customizing error pages means designing your own error pages that match the look and feel of your application, provide useful information and guidance to the user, and offer alternative options or links.

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Nguyen The Huy

Seasoned Full Stack Developer. Engineering Excellence Lead. Mostly original.
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Keep security in mind when customizing error pages. An error page should be friendly and helpful but must not reveal internal details about the application and the error such that a malicious user can gather before attacking your application. Stack traces and exception names are definite must-not. So are details of the application name, server, databases, memory, CPU, and configurations...

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5 Testing and debugging

The last but not the least approach to handle web application exceptions is to test and debug your application thoroughly. Testing and debugging means finding and fixing the bugs and errors in your code before they cause exceptions in the production environment. You can use various methods and tools to test and debug your web application, such as unit testing, integration testing, end-to-end testing, code analysis, breakpoints, or logging. Testing and debugging can help you improve the quality and reliability of your application, reduce the number of exceptions, and enhance the user satisfaction.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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What are the best approaches to handle web application exceptions?

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1 Try-catch blocks

2 Logging errors

3 Validating inputs

4 Customizing error pages

5 Testing and debugging

6 Here’s what else to consider

Software Engineering

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