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What are the best aperture settings for achieving depth of field?

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Depth of field is one of the most important aspects of digital photography, as it can create a sense of dimension, focus, and mood in your images. But how do you achieve the desired depth of field with your camera settings? In this article, we will explain what aperture is, how it affects depth of field, and what are the best aperture settings for different scenarios.

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Double the f-number:

By doubling the f-number, you can increase your depth of field. It's a handy trick for when you need more of your shot in focus – think landscape and architectural photography.
Selective focus point:

When shooting with wide apertures like f/2, switch to manual focus or carefully choose your autofocus point. This ensures sharpness where it counts, like in portraits where you want the eyes to be crystal clear.

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1 What is aperture?

Aperture is the opening in the lens that controls how much light enters the camera sensor. It is measured in f-stops, such as f/2.8, f/8, or f/16. The smaller the f-number, the larger the aperture, and vice versa. A larger aperture lets in more light, but also reduces the depth of field, meaning that only a small area of the image is in sharp focus, while the rest is blurred. A smaller aperture lets in less light, but also increases the depth of field, meaning that more of the image is in sharp focus, from the foreground to the background.

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Ryan Wellence

3D Scanning Technician / Colorist / DIT
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For those in TV and Film, you may also hear the term t/stop. These are the same unit of measurement, but the markings on the lens account for light lost through the glass elements. Think of it like this: f/stop is the measurement of light outside the lens, t/stop is after the lens. The point of the t/stop is to swap lenses and know that you're getting the same exposure level when setting your aperture the same.

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2 How to adjust aperture?

To adjust the aperture on your camera, you need to use either the manual mode (M) or the aperture priority mode (A or Av). In manual mode, you can set both the aperture and the shutter speed yourself, according to the exposure meter in your viewfinder or LCD screen. In aperture priority mode, you can set the aperture yourself, and the camera will automatically adjust the shutter speed to achieve the correct exposure. You can also use the exposure compensation dial to fine-tune the brightness or darkness of your image.

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3 How to choose the best aperture?

The best aperture for your image depends on your creative vision, the subject, and the lighting conditions. Generally speaking, there are three main types of depth of field: shallow, medium, and deep. Here are some guidelines on how to choose the best aperture for each type.

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4 Shallow depth of field

A shallow depth of field is ideal for portraits, close-ups, and macro photography, as it isolates the subject from the background and draws attention to the details, textures, and emotions. To achieve a shallow depth of field, you need to use a large aperture, such as f/2.8, f/4, or f/5.6. You also need to consider the distance between the camera and the subject, and the focal length of the lens. The closer you are to the subject, and the longer the focal length, the shallower the depth of field will be.

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Ryan Wellence

3D Scanning Technician / Colorist / DIT
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It might be good to note that depth of field is also based on focal length and lens format. A full frame lens at a 2.8 on the same lens for a Super 35 at 2.8 will appear shallower. But the rule still stands: open aperture, shallower death of field, tighter aperture, wider depth of field.

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5 Medium depth of field

A medium depth of field is suitable for landscapes, cityscapes, and architecture photography, as it captures enough detail and clarity in both the foreground and the background, without making them too flat or too blurry. To achieve a medium depth of field, you need to use a moderate aperture, such as f/8, f/11, or f/16. You also need to consider the angle and composition of your shot, and use a tripod if necessary to avoid camera shake.

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6 Deep depth of field

A deep depth of field is rare and challenging, but can create stunning effects in some situations, such as star trails, light painting, or long exposures. To achieve a deep depth of field, you need to use a very small aperture, such as f/22, f/32, or f/64. You also need to use a very slow shutter speed, which can range from seconds to minutes or even hours. You will definitely need a tripod and a remote shutter release to avoid any movement or vibration.

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Chris Pietsch

Director of Photography and Multimedia, The Register-Guard and Statesman Journal
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Keep in mind that when using a wide aperture, say f2, autofocus may betray your intent. Portraits are more generally successful if the eyes are sharp, but the focus point of the camera may find the tip of the nose or hands on the face instead. Best to switch to manual focus or at the least use care in selecting the focus point.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Rob Regovich

Creative Manager and Commercial Photographer
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Simple rule for getting MORE depth of field: to double the depth of field, double the F-number. Shout out to our good friend Ansel Adams for that note in “The Camera”

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Greg Christman

Commercial Photographer, Christman Photography Inc.
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Focus point is also important for depth of field. At the smallest aperture the lens will carry 1/3 foreground and 2/3 background. So you have to select a point that is in that 1/3 range into the scene. When I was an assistant on a commercial set a photographer I worked for would actually bring out a measuring tape and find the exact focus point he needed to carry the whole scene.

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What are the best aperture settings for achieving depth of field?

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1 What is aperture?

2 How to adjust aperture?

3 How to choose the best aperture?

4 Shallow depth of field

5 Medium depth of field

6 Deep depth of field

7 Here’s what else to consider

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