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What are the best animation principles to convey weight in game development?

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Animation is a key element of game development, as it brings the characters, objects, and environments to life. However, animation can also be challenging, especially when it comes to conveying the sense of weight and mass of different elements. How can you make your animations more realistic and believable, and avoid the common pitfalls of weightlessness and stiffness? In this article, we will explore some of the best animation principles to convey weight in game development, and how to apply them to your projects.

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Squash and stretch:

This technique manipulates an object's shape to reflect its motion, giving a sense of weight and impact. In practice, when animating, slightly squash your object upon impact and elongate it when it moves swiftly to mimic reality.
Focus on key frames:

Prioritize your animation efforts on the pivotal 'key frame' moments, such as anticipation before a jump or the follow-through after a landing. By doing so, you'll enhance the realism and weight of your characters' movements where viewers' eyes naturally linger.

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Markus Vahtola

Passionate Gaming & Tech Executive |…
高拉夫阿迪亚

国际励志演讲家|创始人兼CEO - COGNAC Metaverse…

1 Squash and Stretch

One of the most fundamental animation principles to convey weight is squash and stretch. This principle states that when an object moves, it changes its shape according to its speed, direction, and impact. For example, when a ball bounces, it squashes when it hits the ground, and stretches when it flies in the air. Squash and stretch can help you create the illusion of weight and elasticity, as well as add some personality and expression to your animations. To use this principle effectively, you need to consider the material and volume of your objects, and how much they can deform without breaking the realism.

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高拉夫阿迪亚

国际励志演讲家|创始人兼CEO - COGNAC Metaverse, Knowasiak |公共演讲者 | 20 次世界奖 12 次亚洲奖 4 次国家奖 | 18 岁以下企业家 - 第一名 |领导力 |面板音箱| 19岁/岁
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Most used and best perceived easy to do animation in any object in game development is squash and stretch. We can see this in almost all moving objects in the game, such as in character's body, tires of vehicles, a ball etc. Squash and stretch can be used to provide a realistic representation and recreation of a real world object in a virtual world. Beware not to overdo or underdo it. Their is always a perfect balance that is needed to be achieved when animating objects for games. Asa game developer you can use squash and stretch deformation in animation to create the illusion of weight, impact, inertia and more realistically, if done right in a video game.

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Juca Duarte

Engenheiro de Software | Especialista em Jogos | Backend C# .Net8+ EF
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I think the best way to express weight in animation it's still use all principles in that kind animation, but to start easy follow the rule: - main keys: antecipation, stretch and squash - inbetweens: arcs timing is important, so depending of how animation is you must observe this, if the character was walking, he must lift the object and after walk, pay attention in this.

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2 Anticipation and Follow-Through

Another important animation principle to convey weight is anticipation and follow-through. This principle states that when an object performs an action, it prepares for it beforehand, and completes it after the main movement. For example, when a character jumps, it bends its knees before leaping, and lands with some inertia after reaching the peak. Anticipation and follow-through can help you create the sense of momentum and force, as well as enhance the timing and impact of your animations. To use this principle effectively, you need to consider the speed and direction of your objects, and how much they can overshoot or settle without losing the balance.

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Markus Vahtola

Passionate Gaming & Tech Executive | Specializing in Strategic Partnerships, Growth Marketing & NLP | Head of Partnerships (former CFO & CMO) @ Fingersoft?| Founder CXO (former CTO) @ Quantum Shake
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Invest 80% of your time in defining and improving the key frame moments. Anticipation and follow-through are the two main components in any animation. Exaggerate those and make these frames stand out. Also spend time adjusting the flow of the animation to attenuate these key moments. When you consider the animation timeline, the attention and viewing time spent is naturally directed at the buildup and its imminent result. The in-between frames are less important because they will receive less attention from the audience. Give your best where it matters the most!

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3 Drag and Overlap

A related animation principle to convey weight is drag and overlap. This principle states that when an object moves, some parts of it lag behind or lead ahead of the main body, depending on the resistance and flexibility of the material. For example, when a character runs, its hair, clothes, and limbs may drag behind or overlap with the torso, creating a sense of motion and fluidity. Drag and overlap can help you create the sense of weight and gravity, as well as add some variety and complexity to your animations. To use this principle effectively, you need to consider the weight and length of your objects, and how much they can bend or stretch without breaking the consistency.

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4 Arcs and Curves

Another essential animation principle to convey weight is arcs and curves. This principle states that when an object moves, it follows a curved path, rather than a straight line, unless it is influenced by an external force. For example, when a character throws a ball, it follows a parabolic arc, rather than a linear trajectory, due to the effect of gravity and air resistance. Arcs and curves can help you create the sense of naturalness and smoothness, as well as avoid the common problems of stiffness and jitteriness in your animations. To use this principle effectively, you need to consider the physics and logic of your objects, and how much they can deviate from a straight line without losing the realism.

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5 Timing and Spacing

The final animation principle to convey weight is timing and spacing. This principle states that when an object moves, it changes its speed and position according to the weight and force involved. For example, when a character lifts a heavy object, it moves slower and covers less distance, than when it lifts a light object. Timing and spacing can help you create the sense of mass and energy, as well as adjust the pace and rhythm of your animations. To use this principle effectively, you need to consider the weight and force of your objects, and how much they can accelerate or decelerate without breaking the continuity.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Johan Moley

Co-founder STUDIO MIR - PARIS PLAGE Sociétés de production médias & studios photo
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La narration dans un jeu vidéo est essentielle car elle donne un contexte et une signification aux actions du joueur, créant ainsi une expérience immersive et engageante. Une histoire bien con?ue peut captiver l'attention du joueur, le guidant à travers des mondes virtuels et lui permettant de s'investir émotionnellement dans le jeu. Sans une narration solide, qu’elle soit linéaire ou par embranchement, même les avancées technologiques les plus innovantes risquent de perdre leur impact.

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What are the best animation principles to convey weight in game development?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 Squash and Stretch

2 Anticipation and Follow-Through

3 Drag and Overlap

4 Arcs and Curves

5 Timing and Spacing

6 Here’s what else to consider

Game Development

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What are the best animation principles to convey weight in game development?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 Squash and Stretch

2 Anticipation and Follow-Through

3 Drag and Overlap

4 Arcs and Curves

5 Timing and Spacing

6 Here’s what else to consider

Game Development

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