What are the benefits and drawbacks of using pub/sub middleware for real-time data streaming?

Benefits of Pub/Sub Middleware 1. Decoupling of Component - Flexibility: Publisher and subscriber operate independently - Scalability: As demand grow, new publisher or subscriber can be added without impacting existing service 2. Load Balancing - By distributing messages among multiple subscriber, pub/sub middleware can balance loads effectively 3. Asynchronous Communication - The asynchronous allows publishers to send messages without waiting for subscribers to process 4. Support Multiple Protocol - Many pub/sub systems support various communication protocols (e.g., MQTT, AMQP), providing flexibility in implementation Drawbacks of Pub/Sub Middleware 1. Latency 2. Potential Overhead 3. Security Risk 4. Difficulty in Monitoring and Debug

Distribution of messages to subscribers can be done through following ways: 1. All messages are broadcasted to all the subscribers. 2. Alternatively, selective messages are published to subscribers based on their filters or matching criteria.

In the world of software and distributed systems, different parts of a computer system (publishers and subscribers) communicating through a middle layer (middleware) that handles the distribution of information. It helps systems stay organized, communicate efficiently, and share data without each part having to directly talk to every other part.

Publish/Subscribe Middleware or Pub/Sub middleware is a system that implements the Publish Subscribe pattern and can be used in event driven architecture. Major components of Pub/Sub middleware include: 1. Publishers: Entities that send messages to a broker. 2. Broker: A central entity that receives messages from publishers and distributes them to interested subscribers based on their subscriptions. 3. Subscribers: Entities that receive messages from the broker based on their subscriptions. 4. Topics: Categories or subjects that publishers and subscribers use to organize and filter messages.

It will wait the reply from server. If it didn’t get reply from server it will be considered as failure. It might have different kind of failure 1. Timeout 2. Certificate issue 3. Wrong Request

The request/reply middleware can be understood as: 1. Requester (Client): Making a request 2. Middleware: This is the "in-between" layer, where your request is processed and fulfilled. In the context of computing, this could be a piece of software or a service that handles and processes requests. 3. Responder/reply: The responder takes the result from the middleware and delivers it back to the requester (client).

Some benefits are : 1. Decoupling: There is no direct connection between publisher/subscriber leads to loose coupling. 2. Scalability : Increase the number of pub/subs as consumer grows. 3. Real-time updates 4. Asynchronous communication 5. Fault tolerance and reliability 6. Multiple data formats support 7. Reduced network load

Pub/Sub middleware also doesnot give visibility over the data and it's content in terms of its monitoring. It can only give the total count of the messages but cannot see which data or files exactly processed or not processed.

This provides a traditional view of the Pub/Sub mechanism where it doesn't support reliability and ordering of the messages. Modern Pub/Sub tools like Weblogic JMS,Kafka and RabbitMQ solved this problem with different implementations.

Not all Pub/Sub platforms are designed for real-time data streaming. Apache Kafka is purpose built platform for streaming data with high throughput and low latency, below are some e.g of similar platforms: 1. Apache Pulsar 2. IBM Event Streams 3. Solace Pubsub+ 4. Google Cloud Pubsub 5. Azure Event Hub 6. Amazon MSK 7. RabbitMQ Streams. On the other hand popular and traditional messaging products were not purpose built for data streaming, e.g : 1. IBM MQ 2. RabbitMQ 3. Apache ActiveMQ 4. Tibco EMS