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What are the benefits and drawbacks of using HTTP/3 over HTTP/2?

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Network protocols and standards are the rules and formats that enable communication and data exchange between different devices and applications over the internet. They are essential for ensuring interoperability, security, and performance of web services and applications. In this article, we will compare two network protocols that are widely used for web browsing: HTTP/2 and HTTP/3. We will explain what they are, how they differ, and what are the benefits and drawbacks of using one over the other.

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Sina Abbasi

SEO Manager @Zhaket | SEM Consultant ?? | Certified SEM Expert ??
Santosh Mahto

Media @ PW (PhysicsWallah)

1 What is HTTP/2?

HTTP/2 is the second major version of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which is the protocol that defines how web browsers and servers communicate and exchange data. Standardized in 2015, it is based on an earlier protocol called SPDY, developed by Google. HTTP/2 introduces several improvements over the previous version, HTTP/1.1, such as multiplexing, which allows multiple requests and responses to be sent over a single TCP connection; header compression, which reduces the amount of data that needs to be transmitted; server push, which enables servers to proactively send resources to clients; and prioritization, which allows clients and servers to assign priorities to different requests and responses, optimizing the use of bandwidth and resources.

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Sina Abbasi

SEO Manager @Zhaket | SEM Consultant ?? | Certified SEM Expert ??
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When we use version two or three, the number of requests is no longer important and it increases the speed and performance of the site and has a very good effect on SEO.

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Santosh Mahto

Media @ PW (PhysicsWallah)
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Server push & prioritisation is one of the best feature of most use full feature of HTTP/2. it alos help use reduce no of request we make to server.

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2 What is HTTP/3?

HTTP/3 is the third major version of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) currently in development, though not yet widely adopted. It is based on a new protocol called QUIC, developed by Google. QUIC stands for Quick UDP Internet Connections and uses the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) instead of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) as the underlying transport layer. UDP is a connectionless and unreliable protocol that does not guarantee delivery or order of packets, but is faster and more flexible than TCP. HTTP/3 inherits the features of HTTP/2, such as multiplexing, header compression, server push, and prioritization, as well as introducing new features such as connection migration, 0-RTT, and encryption by default with Transport Layer Security (TLS). Connection migration allows clients and servers to switch between different network interfaces or IP addresses without interrupting the connection, while 0-RTT enables clients and servers to resume previous connections without performing a full handshake. Additionally, HTTP/3 encrypts all data by default providing enhanced security and privacy.

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ALYSSA GEWELL HERNANDEZ, MBA-HCM, MBA-HRM, MBA

Principal Educator at Tampa General Hospital
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The topic takes me back to my college days learning about Telecommunication Management! TCP and UDP ports are networking terms you do not hear regularly, but they are the bedrock of our internet. These two ports play a considerable role in your day-to-day life, and with these ports, data transmission is possible. It will apply to HTTP/3 because it will improve your experience by delivering a more instantaneous and efficient internet connection. The question is, by how much?

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Dorothy Dede Quao

Passionate Software Engineer & Full Stack Developer | Entrepreneurial Spirit | Lifelong Learner | Innovator & Problem Solver | Tech Enthusiast
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One thing I have found particularly helpful in understanding HTTP/3 is its innovative use of the QUIC transport protocol. This protocol, built on top of UDP (User Datagram Protocol), significantly improves data transmission speed compared to the traditional TCP-based approach of HTTP/2. An outstanding feature that enhances user experience is the seamless connection migration capability. This means that users can smoothly switch between different network paths without interrupting their connections. This is especially beneficial for mobile users moving between Wi-Fi and cellular data, ensuring a consistent and uninterrupted browsing experience.

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3 How do they differ?

The main distinction between HTTP/2 and HTTP/3 is the transport layer protocol they use: TCP for HTTP/2 and UDP for HTTP/3. TCP is a dependable and ordered protocol that assures packets are delivered in the appropriate sequence, but it has drawbacks such as head-of-line blocking, a three-way handshake to establish a connection, and adjusting the transmission rate based on network conditions. UDP, however, is an unreliable and unordered protocol that does not guarantee packet delivery or order. It has advantages like no head-of-line blocking, no TCP handshake needed to establish a connection, and no TCP congestion control which can increase throughput and performance.

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4 What are the benefits of using HTTP/3 over HTTP/2?

HTTP/3 offers several advantages over HTTP/2, particularly for web applications that require low latency, high throughput, and high reliability. It can establish connections faster than HTTP/2, using 0-RTT or a single round-trip handshake, which can improve user experience and performance. Additionally, HTTP/3 can handle packet loss better than HTTP/2 with forward error correction and selective acknowledgments, reducing retransmissions and delays. Furthermore, it can support connection migration better than HTTP/2 with connection IDs and path validation, enabling seamless switching between different network interfaces or IP addresses.

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Dorothy Dede Quao

Passionate Software Engineer & Full Stack Developer | Entrepreneurial Spirit | Lifelong Learner | Innovator & Problem Solver | Tech Enthusiast
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one thing i have found helpful is that HTTP/3 offers an array of benefits, including reduced round-trip time, improved congestion control, seamless connection migration, enhanced handling of packet loss, efficient header compression, multipath support, quick handshake, and an improved server push mechanism. It is well-suited for real-time applications, providing low-latency communication, and is designed for efficient resource utilization. These features collectively contribute to faster loading times, better performance, and an enhanced user experience compared to its predecessors. HTTP/3 offers improved performance through efficient multiplexing, reduced latency, and enhanced stream prioritization.

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5 What are the drawbacks of using HTTP/3 over HTTP/2?

Using HTTP/3 over HTTP/2 can also have some drawbacks, especially for web applications that do not require low latency, high throughput, or high reliability. These drawbacks include increased complexity and overhead, lower compatibility and support, and higher variability and unpredictability. HTTP/3 is more complex than HTTP/2, requiring encryption, error correction, and flow control. Additionally, it is not yet widely supported or compatible with existing network infrastructure and devices. Lastly, it uses UDP which can cause fluctuations and inconsistencies in the quality of service and performance.

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Santosh Mahto

Media @ PW (PhysicsWallah)
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Support all HTTP/1, HTTP/2 & HTTP/3. Let's clients/browsers take decisions and use best what is supported in browser. This help us to make things backwards compatible and take advantage of latest feature.

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What are the benefits and drawbacks of using HTTP/3 over HTTP/2?

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1 What is HTTP/2?

2 What is HTTP/3?

3 How do they differ?

4 What are the benefits of using HTTP/3 over HTTP/2?

5 What are the drawbacks of using HTTP/3 over HTTP/2?

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