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What are the benefits and challenges of self-directed learning in PBL?

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Self-directed learning (SDL) is a key component of problem-based learning (PBL), an instructional approach that engages learners in solving authentic and complex problems. In PBL, learners take charge of their own learning process, identify their own learning needs, and seek relevant resources and feedback. But what are the benefits and challenges of SDL in PBL? How can you foster SDL skills in your learners and support them in their PBL journey? In this article, we will explore these questions and share some practical tips and strategies.

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Eleanor Bowers Foster, M.Ed

Instructional Coach at Prosper Independent School District

1 Benefits of SDL in PBL

SDL in PBL can offer many benefits for both learners and educators. For learners, SDL can enhance their motivation, autonomy, self-regulation, metacognition, and critical thinking skills. By taking ownership of their learning, learners can develop a deeper understanding of the problem, the content, and the context. They can also apply their knowledge and skills to real-world situations, and transfer them to new and diverse contexts. For educators, SDL can reduce their workload, increase their flexibility, and improve their satisfaction. By facilitating rather than directing the learning process, educators can focus on providing guidance, feedback, and scaffolding, and create a more collaborative and learner-centered environment.

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Eleanor Bowers Foster, M.Ed

Instructional Coach at Prosper Independent School District
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In my experience, students in the modern, post-COVID classroom are used to relying on their devices to find the answers to ALL questions. By using PBL in the classroom, it gives students the space to rely on their own thought process. Often PBL prompts do not have one right answer, which I have seen students be frustrated by initially, but over time recognize the freedom it gives them to take what they learned over the course of a unit and draw conclusions/solve problems in their own way. It also takes the focus off the teacher places the student at the center of learning. In these moments, a teacher's job becomes guiding students on their own learning journey.

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2 Challenges of SDL in PBL

However, SDL in PBL also poses some challenges for both learners and educators. For learners, SDL can be demanding, stressful, and overwhelming. They may lack the necessary skills, confidence, or motivation to manage their own learning effectively. They may also face difficulties in defining the problem, finding and evaluating resources, collaborating with peers, and reflecting on their learning outcomes. For educators, SDL can be challenging to implement, monitor, and assess. They may struggle to balance the level of support and challenge, to align the curriculum and assessment with the PBL approach, and to deal with the diversity and variability of learners and problems.

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Carmel Schettino

Mathematics Expert Teacher Educator, Curriculum Designer, Problem- and Discussion-Based Mathematics Advocate
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This is an excellent point. That is why it is important to create expectations for a PBL class that is developmentally appropriate for different grades. It's important to start with what you want students to do and then find ways to strategize how you can help them accomplish them. SDL just doesn't come when you use PBL.

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3 Strategies for SDL in PBL

To maximize the benefits of SDL in PBL, learners and educators need to employ certain strategies and practices. Learners should set clear and realistic goals, plan and organize their learning activities, monitor and regulate their progress, seek feedback from peers, educators, and experts, reflect on their learning process and outcomes, and celebrate their achievements. Educators should provide a clear problem statement and criteria, model and scaffold SDL skills and strategies, encourage learner autonomy and choice, facilitate collaboration and interaction among learners, provide timely feedback and assessment, and create a safe learning environment.

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4 Resources for SDL in PBL

If you want to learn more about SDL in PBL, there are many resources available online and offline. For example, the Center for Teaching Excellence at the University of Waterloo provides a comprehensive guide on PBL, including the principles, process, and assessment of SDL in PBL. Additionally, the Buck Institute for Education offers a wealth of resources on PBL, such as a blog, a podcast, a book, and online courses. The Self-Directed Learning Lab at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign conducts research and outreach on SDL in various contexts, including PBL. Furthermore, the Journal of Problem-Based Learning is an academic journal that publishes articles on PBL theory, practice, and research.

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5 Tips for SDL in PBL

Finally, learners and educators can make the most of SDL in PBL by following some tips. Learners should be curious, proactive, and resilient - embracing the challenge and uncertainty and seeking help when needed. Meanwhile, educators should be flexible, responsive, and respectful - trusting learners and their capabilities and guiding them when necessary. Ultimately, both parties should enjoy and appreciate the learning journey.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Arifa Nazneen

Health Care professional
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What may be the specific subject to study and how it will be helpful for the society? How it will help in the job hiring process?

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What are the benefits and challenges of self-directed learning in PBL?

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3

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1 Benefits of SDL in PBL

2 Challenges of SDL in PBL

3 Strategies for SDL in PBL

4 Resources for SDL in PBL

5 Tips for SDL in PBL

6 Here’s what else to consider

Teaching

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What are the benefits and challenges of self-directed learning in PBL?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 Benefits of SDL in PBL

2 Challenges of SDL in PBL

3 Strategies for SDL in PBL

4 Resources for SDL in PBL

5 Tips for SDL in PBL

6 Here’s what else to consider

Teaching

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