What are the advantages and disadvantages of using HTTP-based ABR protocols for live streaming?

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Live streaming is a popular way to deliver video content over the internet, but it also poses some challenges for both the content provider and the viewer. One of the main challenges is how to adapt the video quality to the changing network conditions, such as bandwidth fluctuations, latency, packet loss, and congestion. Adaptive bitrate (ABR) protocols are designed to address this challenge by dynamically adjusting the video bitrate and resolution according to the available network resources and the viewer's preferences. However, not all ABR protocols are the same. In this article, we will explore the advantages and disadvantages of using HTTP-based ABR protocols for live streaming, compared to other approaches.

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Md Mohtasim Alam

Technical Consultant @Infosys (IPTV/ Headend) | Ex-Samsung India [Samsung TV Plus/Streaming Technology (OTT & VOD)]
Gaurav Sharma

SEO Analyst by Profession | Marketing Enthusiast by Heart | Inquisitive by Nature | Data-Driven Strategist | Passionate…
Nimish Patel

Top IT Operations Management Voice | Head of Information Technology (Web/Mobile App) at Teksun Inc.

1 What are HTTP-based ABR protocols?

HTTP-based ABR protocols are a type of ABR protocols that use the standard HTTP protocol to deliver video segments over the internet. HTTP is the same protocol that is used to load web pages, images, and other content on the web. HTTP-based ABR protocols divide the video stream into small chunks of equal duration, usually a few seconds, and encode them at different bitrates and resolutions. These chunks are stored on a web server and can be requested by the client (the viewer's device) using HTTP requests. The client can switch between different chunks depending on the network conditions and the viewer's preferences, creating a seamless playback experience.

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Md Mohtasim Alam

Technical Consultant @Infosys (IPTV/ Headend) | Ex-Samsung India [Samsung TV Plus/Streaming Technology (OTT & VOD)]
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Advantages and disadvantages of using HTTP-based Adaptive Bitrate protocols for live streaming: Advantages: HTTP-based ABR protocols work well with most devices and platforms. Since HTTP is a standard protocol, it can be used across various operating systems and browsers. Adaptive Streaming: ABR dynamically adjusts the video quality based on the viewer’s network conditions. It ensures a smooth viewing experience by switching between different bitrates during playback. Disadvantages: HTTP-based ABR introduces some latency due to the nature of the protocol. Segments of video need to be downloaded before playback begins, which can result in a delay. The HTTP protocol adds overhead because it requires additional headers and metadata.

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Gaurav Sharma

SEO Analyst by Profession | Marketing Enthusiast by Heart | Inquisitive by Nature | Data-Driven Strategist | Passionate About Elevating Brands Online | Mastering SEO, SMO & Beyond to Help You Succeed in the Digital World
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HTTP-based Adaptive Bitrate (ABR) protocols offer several advantages for live streaming. They provide flexibility by adjusting video quality in real-time based on a viewer’s internet connection, ensuring a smoother viewing experience with minimal buffering. They also allow easy scalability, as they use standard HTTP servers and CDNs to deliver content globally. However, there are some drawbacks. Latency can be higher compared to other streaming methods, which can be problematic for real-time events. Additionally, the switching between bitrates may occasionally cause visible quality fluctuations, impacting the overall viewing experience.

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Elizabeth Miller, MBA

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Quick reference for the concepts behind the letters: ?(most are given within the text, but some aren’t) ABR - Adaptive Bitrate Streaming AES-128 Advanced Encryption Standard CDNs - Content Delivery Networks CMAF - Common Media Application Format DASH - Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP HLS - HTTP Live Streaming (Apple) HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol ISO - International Organization for Standardization ISOBMFF - ISO Base Media File Format MPEG - Moving Picture Experts Group MPEG-DASH - (combine the 2 listed above) TS - Transport Stream?? Did I miss any??

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2 What are the advantages of HTTP-based ABR protocols?

One of the main advantages of HTTP-based ABR protocols is that they are compatible with existing web infrastructure and technologies. HTTP-based ABR protocols can leverage the existing HTTP servers, caches, proxies, firewalls, and CDNs (content delivery networks) that are widely deployed and optimized for web content delivery. This means that HTTP-based ABR protocols can benefit from the scalability, reliability, security, and efficiency of the web ecosystem, without requiring any special hardware or software on the server side or the client side. Another advantage of HTTP-based ABR protocols is that they are flexible and adaptable. HTTP-based ABR protocols can support different video formats, codecs, encryption methods, and metadata, as well as different ABR algorithms and logic. HTTP-based ABR protocols can also support live, on-demand, and time-shifted streaming, as well as interactive features such as subtitles, captions, audio tracks, and multi-angle views.

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Nimish Patel

Top IT Operations Management Voice | Head of Information Technology (Web/Mobile App) at Teksun Inc.
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HTTP-based Adaptive Bitrate (ABR) protocols have several key advantages: 1. Compatibility with Web Infrastructure: They work seamlessly with existing HTTP servers, CDNs, caches, proxies, and firewalls, without the need for specialized hardware or software. 2. Scalability and Efficiency: By leveraging widely deployed web technologies, HTTP-based ABR protocols benefit from the scalability, reliability, and efficiency of the web ecosystem. Other points are Flexibility, Support for Different Streaming Types, Interactive Features, No Special Requirements These advantages make HTTP-based ABR protocols ideal for modern video streaming applications.

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3 What are the disadvantages of HTTP-based ABR protocols?

One of the main disadvantages of HTTP-based ABR protocols is that they introduce some overhead and complexity in the streaming process. HTTP-based ABR protocols require more processing power and memory on the client side, as the client has to download, decode, and switch between different chunks of video, as well as monitor the network conditions and the viewer's preferences. HTTP-based ABR protocols also require more bandwidth and storage on the server side, as the server has to encode and store multiple versions of the same video segment. Another disadvantage of HTTP-based ABR protocols is that they are sensitive to network latency and buffer size. HTTP-based ABR protocols rely on the client's buffer to smooth out the playback and avoid stalls or rebuffering events. However, if the network latency is too high or the buffer size is too small, the client may not be able to download the next chunk in time, resulting in a poor quality of experience. Moreover, if the buffer size is too large, the client may not be able to react quickly to changes in the network conditions or the viewer's preferences, wasting bandwidth or reducing quality.

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4 What are some examples of HTTP-based ABR protocols?

HTTP-based ABR protocols are developed and standardized by different organizations and industry groups, such as MPEG-DASH, HTTP Live Streaming (HLS), and Common Media Application Format (CMAF). MPEG-DASH is an international standard developed by the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) that defines a common format and protocol for HTTP-based ABR streaming. It supports various video formats, codecs, encryption methods, and metadata. HLS is a proprietary protocol developed by Apple, using MPEG-2 Transport Stream (TS) as the video format and AES-128 as the encryption method. CMAF is a joint standard developed by MPEG and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that uses ISO Base Media File Format (ISOBMFF) as the video format. It supports various codecs, encryption methods, metadata, low-latency streaming, and interactive features.

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Elizabeth Miller, MBA

Level up with LIVE Streaming -> Take My 3-Minute Quiz ??
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Quick reference for the concepts behind the letters: ?(most are given within the text, but some aren’t) ABR - Adaptive Bitrate Streaming AES-128 Advanced Encryption Standard CDNs - Content Delivery Networks CMAF - Common Media Application Format DASH - Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP HLS - HTTP Live Streaming (Apple) HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol ISO - International Organization for Standardization ISOBMFF - ISO Base Media File Format MPEG - Moving Picture Experts Group MPEG-DASH - (combine the 2 listed above) TS - Transport Stream?? Did I miss any??

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5 How to choose the best HTTP-based ABR protocol for live streaming?

There is no single answer to the question of which HTTP-based ABR protocol is the best for live streaming, as the choice depends on a range of factors. These include compatibility with different devices, browsers, platforms, and networks; performance in delivering high-quality video segments over variable network conditions; flexibility in adapting to different video formats and codecs; features such as low-latency streaming and interactive features; and cost in terms of implementation and maintenance, bandwidth, and storage.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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What are the advantages and disadvantages of using HTTP-based ABR protocols for live streaming?

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1 What are HTTP-based ABR protocols?

2 What are the advantages of HTTP-based ABR protocols?

3 What are the disadvantages of HTTP-based ABR protocols?

4 What are some examples of HTTP-based ABR protocols?

5 How to choose the best HTTP-based ABR protocol for live streaming?

6 Here’s what else to consider

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