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Last updated on 2024年6月27日

What advanced software design concepts and patterns are essential for your career?

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Software design is more than just writing code. It is the art and science of creating elegant, efficient, and maintainable software systems that solve real-world problems. As a software designer, you need to master advanced concepts and patterns that can help you improve your skills, enhance your productivity, and boost your career prospects. In this article, you will learn about some of the essential advanced software design concepts and patterns that you should know and apply in your projects.

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Christiaan Fouché

Tech Lead in Acquisition, Lending, and Ops Enablement
Ganesh Venkatakrishnan

Solutions Architect | HxM Enterprise Solutions Consultant | Azure Solutions Architect Expert | Google Professional Data…

1 SOLID principles

SOLID is an acronym for five fundamental principles of object-oriented design that can help you write clean, robust, and reusable code. They are: Single Responsibility, Open-Closed, Liskov Substitution, Interface Segregation, and Dependency Inversion. By following these principles, you can avoid common pitfalls such as tight coupling, code duplication, and high complexity. You can also make your code easier to test, extend, and maintain.

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Christiaan Fouché

Tech Lead in Acquisition, Lending, and Ops Enablement
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Uncle Bob (one of the Agile Manifesto's 17 authors) popularised the SOLID principles. They are used to manage dependencies in source code. The Single Responsibility Principle states a module should serve the needs of a single actor. The Open-Closed Principle states you should be able to change a module's behaviour (open it for extension) without changing its code. The Liskov Substitution Principle says a subtype should have the same shape AND behaviour as its parent type. The Interface Segregation Principle says a class or module shouldn't depend on interfaces with members it doesn't need. The Dependency Inversion Principle says high-level modules shouldn't depend on low-level ones. (The closer a module is to I/O, the lower its level.)

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2 Design patterns

Design patterns are reusable solutions to common software design problems that arise in specific contexts. They are not ready-made code, but rather general guidelines or templates that you can adapt to your specific needs. Design patterns can help you communicate your design ideas more effectively, avoid reinventing the wheel, and leverage the collective wisdom of experienced software designers. Some of the most widely used design patterns are: Factory, Singleton, Strategy, Observer, and Decorator.

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Ganesh Venkatakrishnan

Solutions Architect | HxM Enterprise Solutions Consultant | Azure Solutions Architect Expert | Google Professional Data Engineer | BCG Climate & Sustainability job simulation with Forage
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Design patterns are language agnostic architecture best practices that enable repeatability with consistency and resilience. It also ensures and provides efficiency with tried and test options for optimal delivery and faster time to market. Acts as guiding principle for developers of different experience grade thereby improving maintainability, scalability and adaptability. They are not set in stone or mandated by projects but are at discretion of the design team to carefully pick the relevant patterns based on the objective of the build and its outcome. While it provides flexibility and simplicity to developers, more sophisticated use of design patterns may introduce complexity that needs to be guarded with appropriate documentation.

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3 Domain-driven design

Domain-driven design (DDD) is an approach to software design that focuses on the core domain and business logic of the software system. It aims to create a shared understanding of the domain among the developers, stakeholders, and users, and to model the software according to the domain concepts, rules, and behaviors. DDD can help you create software that is more relevant, consistent, and adaptable to changing business needs. Some of the key concepts of DDD are: Ubiquitous Language, Bounded Context, Entity, Value Object, and Aggregate.

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4 Microservices architecture

Microservices architecture is a style of software design that decomposes a complex software system into smaller, independent, and loosely coupled services that communicate through well-defined interfaces. Each service is responsible for a specific functionality or business capability, and can be developed, deployed, and scaled independently. Microservices architecture can help you create software that is more modular, resilient, and flexible. It can also facilitate agile development, continuous delivery, and DevOps practices.

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5 Clean architecture

Clean architecture is a way of organizing the software layers and components in a way that minimizes the dependencies and maximizes the testability and maintainability of the software system. It is based on the idea of separating the concerns of the software into four concentric circles: Entities, Use Cases, Interface Adapters, and Frameworks and Drivers. The inner circles represent the core domain and business logic of the software, while the outer circles represent the technical details and infrastructure. The key rule of clean architecture is that the dependencies should point inwards, not outwards.

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Christiaan Fouché

Tech Lead in Acquisition, Lending, and Ops Enablement
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Clean Architecture, in a nutshell, separates business rules (domain) from input/output (I/O) concerns such that the business rules code is independent (does not know) of the I/O code. A prominent architectural boundary separates them. Source-code dependencies may only cross it in one direction, from the I/O to the business rules side. API, repository, and integration (to other services) modules are examples of I/O layer concerns. Dependency inversion enables modules in the business-rules layer to call those in the I/O layer at runtime without depending on them in the source code.

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6 Reactive programming

Reactive programming is a paradigm of software design that deals with asynchronous and event-driven data streams. It enables you to create software that can react to changes in the data, user input, or external events, without blocking or waiting for the results. Reactive programming can help you create software that is more responsive, scalable, and resilient. It can also simplify the handling of complex and concurrent operations. Some of the tools and frameworks that support reactive programming are: RxJava, Reactor, Spring WebFlux, and Akka.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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What advanced software design concepts and patterns are essential for your career?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 SOLID principles

2 Design patterns

3 Domain-driven design

4 Microservices architecture

5 Clean architecture

6 Reactive programming

7 Here’s what else to consider

Software Design

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What advanced software design concepts and patterns are essential for your career?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 SOLID principles

2 Design patterns

3 Domain-driven design

4 Microservices architecture

5 Clean architecture

6 Reactive programming

7 Here’s what else to consider

Software Design

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