One of the ways that culture affects feedback is through the dimension of directness versus indirectness. Directness refers to the degree to which feedback is explicit, clear, and straightforward, while indirectness refers to the degree to which feedback is implicit, subtle, and nuanced. Some cultures, such as the US, Germany, or Australia, tend to value direct feedback, as it is seen as honest, constructive, and respectful. Other cultures, such as Japan, China, or India, tend to value indirect feedback, as it is seen as polite, harmonious, and face-saving. Direct feedback may be perceived as rude, aggressive, or insensitive by indirect cultures, while indirect feedback may be perceived as vague, ambiguous, or insincere by direct cultures.
Another way that culture affects feedback is through the dimension of positive versus negative. Positive feedback focuses on the strengths, achievements, and successes of the person, while negative feedback focuses on the weaknesses, errors, and failures of the person. Some cultures, such as the US, Canada, or Brazil, tend to emphasize positive feedback, as it is seen as motivating, encouraging, and rewarding. Other cultures, such as Russia, France, or Korea, tend to emphasize negative feedback, as it is seen as realistic, challenging, and corrective. Positive feedback may be perceived as superficial, inflated, or patronizing by negative cultures, while negative feedback may be perceived as harsh, demoralizing, or discouraging by positive cultures.