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How do you write results and discussion for interdisciplinary or collaborative research projects?

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Interdisciplinary or collaborative research projects often involve multiple research questions, methods, and perspectives. How do you write results and discussion sections that effectively communicate your findings and implications to diverse audiences? Here are some tips to help you craft clear and coherent sections that link your results and discussion to your research questions.

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1 Align your results with your questions

Your results section should present the main outcomes of your data analysis in relation to your research questions. Use subheadings, tables, figures, and text to organize and summarize your results. Highlight the key findings and patterns that answer your questions, and explain how you interpreted and validated your data. Avoid repeating the same information in different formats, and focus on the most relevant and significant results.

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2 Discuss your results in context

Your discussion section should interpret your results in the context of your research questions, literature, and theoretical framework. Explain how your results support, contradict, or extend previous knowledge and theories in your field and related disciplines. Discuss the implications and limitations of your results for your research objectives, hypotheses, and assumptions. Address any unexpected or contradictory results, and suggest possible reasons and alternative explanations.

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Pooja Parashar

Plan your scientific Publications with me for 2025. Scientific Publication writing and Medical communication services for doctors and Industry I Manuscript writing I Entrepreneur I Hatha yoga teacher
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The main goal is to combine different methods, findings, and viewpoints into a clear story that shows how working together led to new ideas. Start by clearly stating what each field or researcher added to the project. Then, focus on how these parts work together to create new understanding. Use language that everyone can understand, avoiding words that only experts in one field would know. In the results part, present your findings in a way that shows how different parts of the research connect.

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3 Synthesize your results and discussion

Your results and discussion sections should not be separate entities, but rather complementary parts of a coherent narrative. Use transitions and connections to link your results and discussion to your research questions, and to each other. Synthesize your main findings and arguments, and show how they contribute to the advancement of knowledge and practice in your field and beyond. Avoid introducing new information or arguments that are not supported by your results or literature.

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4 Communicate your results and discussion clearly

Your results and discussion sections should be clear, concise, and consistent in terms of language, style, and format. Use appropriate terminology, definitions, and acronyms that are familiar to your target audience, and explain any technical or interdisciplinary terms that may be unfamiliar or ambiguous. Use active voice, precise verbs, and logical connectors to convey your meaning and reasoning. Follow the guidelines and conventions of your discipline and journal for formatting, referencing, and citing your sources.

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Pooja Parashar

Plan your scientific Publications with me for 2025. Scientific Publication writing and Medical communication services for doctors and Industry I Manuscript writing I Entrepreneur I Hatha yoga teacher
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When sharing your findings and discussing them, it's important to be clear, brief, and consistent. Use simple language that your audience can easily understand, and explain any technical terms. Use active language and clear transitions to explain your observations and reasoning. Follow the formatting and citation rules of your field. For example, if you studied how climate change affects farming, in your results section, summarize the data you collected, like crop yields in different climates. In the discussion section, talk about what these findings mean, like how farmers might change their methods or the policies needed for sustainable farming. Following these tips will help your audience understand and appreciate your research.

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5 Collaborate with your co-authors

Your results and discussion sections should reflect the collective input and feedback of your co-authors, especially if they come from different disciplines or backgrounds. Communicate with your co-authors throughout the writing process, and share your drafts, comments, and suggestions. Respect the different opinions, perspectives, and expertise of your co-authors, and try to reach a consensus on the main points and messages of your sections. Acknowledge the contributions and roles of your co-authors, and resolve any conflicts or disagreements in a constructive way.

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Pooja Parashar

Plan your scientific Publications with me for 2025. Scientific Publication writing and Medical communication services for doctors and Industry I Manuscript writing I Entrepreneur I Hatha yoga teacher
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Through ongoing communication and mutual respect for each other's insights, authors can cultivate a synthesis that reflects the collective input and feedback from interdisciplinary team. Throughout the writing process, one should maintain an open dialogue, sharing drafts, comments, and suggestions to ensure that each voice is heard and valued.

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6 Revise and edit your results and discussion

Your results and discussion sections should be revised and edited multiple times before submitting your manuscript for publication. Check your sections for accuracy, clarity, coherence, and completeness. Make sure your sections answer your research questions, address your research gaps, and support your research claims. Eliminate any errors, inconsistencies, redundancies, or ambiguities in your language, data, or arguments. Ask for feedback from your co-authors, peers, mentors, or editors, and incorporate their suggestions to improve your sections.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Sanaya Kriplani

MS Sustainability Management at Columbia University | Sustainability Consulting | ESG Reporting & Strategy
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Follow this checklist to ensure that your results and discussion sections for interdisciplinary or collaborative research projects are clear, concise, and impactful, and effectively communicate the significance of your research to readers from diverse backgrounds and disciplines: 1. Start with a clear outline 2. Provide context 3. Use clear and concise language 4. Discuss limitations and future directions 5. Consider visual aids 6. Collaborate and revise 7. Use appropriate citation style 8. Summarize key findings 9. Consider multiple perspectives 10. Address conflicts or disagreements 11. Use examples and anecdotes 12. Revise and edit

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How do you write results and discussion for interdisciplinary or collaborative research projects?

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1 Align your results with your questions

2 Discuss your results in context

3 Synthesize your results and discussion

4 Communicate your results and discussion clearly

5 Collaborate with your co-authors

6 Revise and edit your results and discussion

7 Here’s what else to consider

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