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How do you use test charters to guide your learning and discovery during exploratory testing?

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Exploratory testing is a dynamic and creative approach to software testing that emphasizes learning and discovery over predefined scripts and procedures. But how do you ensure that your exploratory testing is effective and focused? One way is to use test charters, which are brief and flexible documents that guide your testing activities and goals. In this article, we will explain what test charters are, why they are beneficial, and how to create and use them in your exploratory testing sessions.

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Aishwarya Kamath Udayakumar
Amir Ali
Dev Narayan

Sr.Manager - Engineering at testRigor (Helping companies empower manual QA to build automation with AI)

1 What is a test charter?

A test charter is a concise statement that defines the scope, objectives, and strategy of a test session. It typically includes information such as the target area or feature, the test idea or question, the resources and tools needed, the risks and assumptions involved, and the expected outcomes or deliverables. A test charter is not a detailed script or checklist, but rather a high-level guide that helps you focus your testing efforts and adapt to changing conditions.

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Aishwarya Kamath Udayakumar
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Test charter can be started using a test plan, which covers all the dark areas of the feature. Then start the exploration with these points : Explore feature A With x version of the app To discover its working

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Amir Ali
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Charters are short liners targeting a particular feature or risk area in an application to focus on exploratory testing session. While somewhat abstrat, these are really useful in exploring the feature while giving the structure to testing. This is so that a tester(s) don't digress from original scope. Additionally it gives important insights to any possible risk(s).

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2 Why use test charters?

Test charters provide several advantages over scripted or ad hoc testing methods, such as encouraging critical thinking and creativity to explore different aspects and scenarios of the software under test. They also provide structure and direction to testing activities by defining clear and testable goals and boundaries. Test charters facilitate communication and collaboration among testers and stakeholders by documenting the purpose and scope of each test session, enabling rapid feedback and learning by capturing results and insights, as well as supporting continuous improvement and refinement of the testing process by allowing review and revision of test charters based on findings.

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Amir Ali
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Test charter when used with right level of abstraction can give a lot of insights into any possible pitfalls in a feature whether it be in requirement or development. Charters are highly effective in identifying any revealing any potential risks within the scope of feature. Because of there breadth of scope, charters enable testers to adapt to changes in a quick fashion in comparison with that of scripted testing. Also applications features can be explored in wider space than that is bound by requirements/specification, this is while still remaining within the bounds of scope of charter. In my opinion, test charters are best suited in any agile setup as they are much more forgiving to change than that of test scripts.

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3 How to create a test charter?

Creating a test charter does not have to be a difficult or lengthy process. You can use a template or format that best meets your needs and preferences. When creating a test charter, you should first identify the target area or feature you want to test, based on your project requirements, user stories, risk analysis, or other sources of information. Then, formulate a test idea or question you want to explore or answer, which can be based on your curiosity, intuition, hypothesis, or experience. Additionally, you should define the scope and objectives of your test session and specify the resources and tools you need to perform the session. It is also important to identify the risks and assumptions that may affect your test session and state the expected outcomes or deliverables of your test session.

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Aishwarya Kamath Udayakumar
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Creating test chart includes following steps : 1. Refinement of the feature by reading user stories 2. Creating test plan for the test 3. Adding the test plan to the test run using test rail application

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Amir Ali
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As mentioned its not complicated. In my previous experience as a tester, I found following structure to be most useful when creating test charters: 1. Scope/Target 2. Participants 3. Version Control summary (Optional) 4. Test data, this can be in headings, tables or any other method that fits the requirements of time 5. Tools 6. Structure of test idea 7. Any additional opportunities or defects 8. Concluding remarks

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4 How to use a test charter?

Using a test charter is not a rigid or prescriptive process; rather, it should be used as a flexible and adaptable guide to help plan, execute, and evaluate your test session. Before starting your test session, review the charter to ensure you understand the scope, objectives, and strategy of the session. During the test session, use the charter as a reference point to focus your testing efforts and explore different paths and possibilities. However, don't let it limit your creativity or curiosity. After your test session, update the charter by recording the results and insights, comparing them with expected outcomes and deliverables, and identifying any gaps, issues, or risks that you encountered or observed. Based on your findings and feedback, revise the charter accordingly.

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Amir Ali
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This is simply matter of dwelling on test charter while critically thinking of any additional scenarios and adding them as we go. Some pitfalls to avoid are: 1. Right level of abstration is must 2. Ample homework to identify correct risk 3. As charters are not as formal as test scripts, its essential to stay within charter; missing a charter can lead to missing a risk.

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5 Tips for writing effective test charters

Writing effective test charters is a skill that can be developed and improved over time. To help with this, try to keep your test charters short and simple, using clear and concise language while avoiding unnecessary details or jargon. Additionally, make sure they are specific and measurable with concrete and quantifiable terms and criteria to define the scope, objectives, and outcomes. Furthermore, ensure they are relevant and realistic by aligning them with project goals, user needs, and testing context. Finally, make them flexible and adaptable by allowing room for changes and adjustments based on testing experience and feedback - do not treat your test charters as fixed or final documents.

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Dev Narayan

Sr.Manager - Engineering at testRigor (Helping companies empower manual QA to build automation with AI)
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Here are some tips for working with test charters: * Outline your goals for the exploratory session by focusing on understanding a specific feature, identifying potential risk areas within a new module, or exploring the user experience from a particular user persona's perspective. * Use the test charter to brainstorm and document questions you have about the system under test. These questions can be related to functionality, usability, or behavior under specific conditions. * Use the test charter to decide how you'll conduct exploratory testing. For example, if the goal is to learn about user workflows, you might focus on scenario-based testing.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Aishwarya Kamath Udayakumar
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Some other things to consider is: 1. Adding new information about the feature technique in the test run would be great, it will help in future. 2. Create Wiki page

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How do you use test charters to guide your learning and discovery during exploratory testing?

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1 What is a test charter?

2 Why use test charters?

3 How to create a test charter?

4 How to use a test charter?

5 Tips for writing effective test charters

6 Here’s what else to consider

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