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How do you use MI to support self-efficacy and autonomy in coaching?

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Motivational interviewing (MI) is a skill that can help you coach your clients more effectively and empower them to achieve their goals. MI is based on the idea that people are more likely to change when they feel understood, respected, and supported by their coach, rather than pressured, judged, or lectured. In this article, you will learn how to use MI to support self-efficacy and autonomy in coaching, which are key factors for enhancing intrinsic motivation and sustaining behavior change.

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Michelle Drapkin, PhD ABPP

Behavior Scientist ? Award-Winning Author ?Speaker ? Innovator ? Trainer ? Board-Certified Psychologist

1 What is self-efficacy and autonomy?

Self-efficacy is the belief that you have the ability and confidence to perform a specific task or overcome a challenge. Autonomy is the sense that you have the freedom and choice to act according to your own values and interests. Both self-efficacy and autonomy are essential for motivation, as they influence how you perceive your goals, your actions, and your outcomes. When you have high self-efficacy and autonomy, you are more likely to pursue your goals with enthusiasm, persistence, and satisfaction, and less likely to give up or feel frustrated.

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2 How does MI support self-efficacy and autonomy?

MI supports self-efficacy and autonomy by using a collaborative and client-centered approach that respects your client's perspective, preferences, and readiness for change. MI does not impose a predefined agenda or solution, but rather helps your client explore their own reasons, values, and goals for change. MI also uses specific techniques, such as reflective listening, open-ended questions, affirmations, and summaries, to elicit and reinforce your client's strengths, resources, and self-talk. By doing so, MI helps your client build their confidence, competence, and commitment to change.

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Michelle Drapkin, PhD ABPP

Behavior Scientist ? Award-Winning Author ?Speaker ? Innovator ? Trainer ? Board-Certified Psychologist
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MI is all about empowering the individual to find it within themselves to change. We come from the stance of believing that every human is capable. They might need help finding that path because they’re demoralized or not connecting with themselves in the right way. As cheezy as it sounds we help people help themselves.

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3 What are some examples of MI questions and statements?

When coaching, using MI questions and statements can help to build self-efficacy and autonomy. For example, asking clients what benefits they anticipate from achieving their goal, how important the goal is to them, and what challenges or barriers could get in the way of their success. Additionally, inquiring about strategies or skills that have worked for them in the past or that they would like to try, and offering support in making the change. You can also acknowledge their courage, honesty, openness, vision and progress.

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Michelle Drapkin, PhD ABPP

Behavior Scientist ? Award-Winning Author ?Speaker ? Innovator ? Trainer ? Board-Certified Psychologist
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One strategy that I love is thinking through past successes. “When is a time you’ve made a change big or small?” And then dig into that. I have a few examples in my book of those - The Motivational Interviewing Path to Personal Change.

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4 How do you practice MI skills in coaching?

To practice MI skills in coaching, you need to adopt a specific mindset and attitude that reflects the spirit of MI. The spirit of MI consists of four elements: partnership, acceptance, compassion, and evocation. Partnership means that you work with your client as a team, not as an expert or authority. Acceptance means that you respect your client's autonomy, dignity, and worth, and avoid judgment or criticism. Compassion means that you care about your client's well-being and best interests, and not your own agenda or ego. Evocation means that you draw out your client's own motivation and potential for change, rather than imposing your own ideas or solutions.

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5 How do you measure the effectiveness of MI in coaching?

One way to measure the effectiveness of MI in coaching is to use the MI fidelity scale, which is a tool that assesses how well you adhere to the principles and techniques of MI. The MI fidelity scale evaluates four domains: spirit, empathy, direction, and cultivation. Spirit refers to how well you demonstrate the elements of partnership, acceptance, compassion, and evocation. Empathy refers to how well you convey understanding, respect, and curiosity for your client's perspective. Direction refers to how well you guide your client towards their goal and elicit their change talk. Cultivation refers to how well you support your client's self-efficacy and autonomy. The MI fidelity scale can help you identify your strengths and areas for improvement in MI.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How do you use MI to support self-efficacy and autonomy in coaching?

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1 What is self-efficacy and autonomy?

2 How does MI support self-efficacy and autonomy?

3 What are some examples of MI questions and statements?

4 How do you practice MI skills in coaching?

5 How do you measure the effectiveness of MI in coaching?

6 Here’s what else to consider

Motivational Interviewing

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How do you use MI to support self-efficacy and autonomy in coaching?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 What is self-efficacy and autonomy?

2 How does MI support self-efficacy and autonomy?

3 What are some examples of MI questions and statements?

4 How do you practice MI skills in coaching?

5 How do you measure the effectiveness of MI in coaching?

6 Here’s what else to consider

Motivational Interviewing

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