How do you use flux, solder wick, and desoldering pumps to correct soldering mistakes?

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Soldering is an essential skill for electronic circuit design, but it can also be tricky and messy. Sometimes you might end up with a bad joint, a bridge, a cold solder, or excess solder on your board. Fortunately, there are tools and techniques that can help you correct these mistakes and improve your soldering skills. In this article, we will show you how to use flux, solder wick, and desoldering pumps to fix common soldering errors and make your circuits look neat and professional.

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Petr Dvo?ák

?? Hardware Designer :: From ideas to products :: ?? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???(He/Him)

1 What is flux?

Flux is a chemical substance that helps the solder flow smoothly and adhere to the metal surfaces. It also prevents oxidation and corrosion of the solder joints, which can affect the electrical conductivity and reliability of your circuit. Flux comes in different forms, such as paste, liquid, or solid core inside the solder wire. You can apply flux to the pads and pins before soldering, or use a flux pen or syringe to add more flux during or after soldering.

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Petr Dvo?ák

?? Hardware Designer :: From ideas to products :: ?? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???(He/Him)
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Flux, especially liquid state flux, is as important as high-quality solder. A good-looking and reliable solder joint requires the use of flux. The high soldering temperature causes fast solder oxidation. The lead-free solder tends to oxidize even more than leaded ones.

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2 How to use solder wick?

Solder wick, also known as desoldering braid, is a thin strip of copper wire that has been coated with flux. It works by absorbing the excess solder from the board, leaving a clean and flat surface. To use solder wick, you need to heat up the solder joint with your iron, then place the tip of the wick over the solder. The solder will melt and flow into the wick, and you can gently pull the wick away from the board. You should cut off the used part of the wick and use a fresh section for each joint.

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Petr Dvo?ák

?? Hardware Designer :: From ideas to products :: ?? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???(He/Him)
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My experience is as follows: * The solder wick must have a “soldered” end which causes the “sucking” effect faster. * The best solder wick has flux inside which causes even faster and better solder “sucking”. * When cutting the used solder wick, keep about a millimetre or two of the soldered tail.

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3 How to use desoldering pumps?

Desoldering pumps, also known as solder suckers, are spring-loaded devices that create a vacuum to suck up the molten solder from the board. They are useful for removing large amounts of solder, such as when you want to desolder a component or clear a bridge. To use a desoldering pump, you need to press the plunger down to create a vacuum, then heat up the solder joint with your iron. When the solder melts, you need to place the nozzle of the pump over the joint and release the plunger. The pump will suck up the solder and you can empty it by pressing the plunger again.

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Petr Dvo?ák

?? Hardware Designer :: From ideas to products :: ?? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???(He/Him)
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I recommend using only motorized pumps instead of spring-loaded models. The reason is the action of the spring-loaded pump is too aggressive for sensitive PCBs. Such pumps tend to scatter tiny solder balls around.

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4 How to avoid soldering mistakes?

To prevent soldering mistakes, it is important to practice and follow basic guidelines. When selecting tools and materials, choose a soldering iron with the appropriate wattage, temperature, and tip size. Additionally, use solder wire with the correct diameter, alloy, and flux content. Also, use a clean and wet sponge or brass wool to wipe your iron tip regularly. Furthermore, prepare your work area and components by ensuring you have a well-ventilated and well-lit space to work in. Additionally, clean your board and components with alcohol or acetone to remove dirt, grease, or oxidation. It is also important to tin your iron tip and component leads with a thin layer of solder before soldering them to the board. Lastly, when applying heat and solder, hold your iron at a 45-degree angle to the joint and touch both the pad and pin with the tip. Apply a small amount of solder to the joint and let it flow around the pin. Remove the iron and solder at the same time then let the joint cool down. A good solder joint should be shiny, smooth, and concave with no gaps, bubbles or spikes.

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5 How to inspect and test your solder joints?

After soldering, you should inspect and test your solder joints to make sure they are reliable and functional. You can use a magnifying glass or a microscope to check for any defects, such as cracks, bridges, cold solders, or excess solder. You can also use a multimeter or a continuity tester to measure the resistance and continuity of your joints. If you find any problems, you can use the tools and techniques we discussed earlier to fix them.

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Petr Dvo?ák

?? Hardware Designer :: From ideas to products :: ?? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???(He/Him)
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A magnifying glass is a good helper here. Even a bare eye is a good “tool” for optical inspection. The important thing is to tilt the board under the light source to see the inspected area under different light and shade conditions.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Darshit Darji

?? Project Associate at IISc ? Top Voice ? Ex-Researcher at ISRO ? Ex-Fusion Catalyst Intern at Autodesk ? BVMite ???
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Sometimes, you don't need wick or pump to correct soldering mistakes like bridged pads. Just apply some liquid flux and reheat the bridge using soldering iron. The flux will do its job and the bridge will be corrected. Sometimes you will need to move the tip of the iron across the bridge to separate it effectively. Practise makes it easy. Also consider using a suitable tip.

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How do you use flux, solder wick, and desoldering pumps to correct soldering mistakes?

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1 What is flux?

2 How to use solder wick?

3 How to use desoldering pumps?

4 How to avoid soldering mistakes?

5 How to inspect and test your solder joints?

6 Here’s what else to consider

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