CPS consists of four main stages: clarify, ideate, develop, and implement. To define a project, you need to focus on the first stage: clarify. This stage requires understanding the problem or opportunity that your project addresses, framing it in a concise way, and collecting relevant information and feedback. You can use the following steps to apply CPS to define a project: explore the situation by using various methods such as observation, research, interviews, surveys, or brainstorming; identify the problem by using tools such as problem statements, question formulation, or root cause analysis; and establish the criteria with techniques like SMART goals, SWOT analysis, or stakeholder mapping. These criteria include the scope, objectives, deliverables, resources, constraints, and risks of your project. Be curious, open-minded and empathetic when exploring; be specific, relevant and challenging when identifying; and be realistic, measurable and aligned when establishing.