How do you update and renew your PKI certificates with OCSP stapling and OCSP responder?

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OCSP stapling and OCSP responder are two methods to update and renew your PKI certificates, which are essential for secure communication over the internet. PKI stands for Public Key Infrastructure, a system that uses digital certificates to verify the identity and authenticity of websites, servers, and clients. OCSP stands for Online Certificate Status Protocol, a protocol that checks the validity of a certificate by contacting a trusted authority. In this article, you will learn the difference between OCSP stapling and OCSP responder, and how they affect the performance and security of your web applications.

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1 What is OCSP stapling?

OCSP stapling is a technique that allows a web server to provide a proof of validity for its own certificate, along with the certificate itself, to the client. This proof is called a stapled response, and it is obtained from the certificate authority (CA) that issued the certificate. The stapled response contains the current status of the certificate, such as valid, revoked, or expired, and a timestamp that indicates its freshness. By using OCSP stapling, the client does not need to contact the CA directly to verify the certificate, which saves time and bandwidth.

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Massimiliano P.

Security | Public Key Infrastructures (PKI) | Cryptography | Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) | Authentications | Protocol Design | Crypto Agility | Usability | Network Architectures | Standards | Policy | Leadership
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This article starts with a wrong sentence - OCSP is to check the revocation STATUS of certificates, not renewing them! this AI powered writing is… just silly. Please do not promote this type of tools…

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Israr Ahmed

PKI & Cryptography Professional | PKI Setup & Deployment | Digital Signature Specialist | TSP | eIDAS | HSM | Trust Services | Development services
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To update and renew PKI certificates with OCSP stapling and an OCSP responder, first, renew your certificates through your Certificate Authority (CA) and ensure the new certificates are installed on your servers. Then, configure your servers to use OCSP stapling by including an OCSP response in the certificate chain during the TLS handshake. Ensure that your OCSP responder is updated with the latest certificate revocation information. Regularly verify and update your OCSP responder's configuration and response accuracy to maintain proper validation.

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2 What is OCSP responder?

OCSP responder is a server that implements the OCSP protocol and responds to certificate status requests from clients. The OCSP responder acts as an intermediary between the client and the CA, and it can either query the CA for the latest status of a certificate, or maintain a local cache of certificate statuses. The OCSP responder sends back an OCSP response to the client, which contains the same information as a stapled response, but without the signature of the CA. The client can trust the OCSP response if it trusts the OCSP responder.

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Massimiliano P.

Security | Public Key Infrastructures (PKI) | Cryptography | Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) | Authentications | Protocol Design | Crypto Agility | Usability | Network Architectures | Standards | Policy | Leadership
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OCSP responders are part of the CA infrastructure, they are not an intermediary! OCSP should use an authenticated source of information such as an authenticated DBMS or the CRL.

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3 Why use OCSP stapling or OCSP responder?

The primary purpose of using OCSP stapling or OCSP responder is to address the issues associated with certificate revocation lists (CRLs). CRLs are files that contain a list of revoked certificates and are distributed by CAs. However, they can be large and time-consuming to download, may not reflect the current status of certificates, and may be unavailable due to network failures or attacks. OCSP stapling and OCSP responder offer a more efficient and dependable way to check the validity of certificates, as they only require a single request and response per certificate, and they provide more up-to-date and accurate information.

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Abbas Taheri

Senior PKI Engineer
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A comparison of CRL, OCSP responder, and OCSP stapling regarding "privacy": - CRL: CRLs can potentially compromise privacy as they require the client to download the entire list of revoked certificates, exposing unnecessary information about other users' revoked certificates. - OCSP Responder: OCSP responders may raise privacy concerns since they require the client to query a third-party server for the status of a specific certificate, potentially revealing which certificates, or website, the client is accessing. - OCSP Stapling: OCSP stapling enhances privacy by allowing the accessing server to provide the client with the certificate status directly, eliminating the need for the client to query an external OCSP responder.

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4 How to enable OCSP stapling or OCSP responder?

To enable OCSP stapling or OCSP responder, you need to configure both the web server and the web client to support them. The web server needs to have a valid certificate that has an OCSP extension, which specifies the URL of the OCSP responder that can provide the status of the certificate. The web server also needs to periodically request and cache the stapled response from the OCSP responder, and send it along with the certificate to the client. The web client needs to have a trusted root certificate that can verify the signature of the stapled response, and accept or reject the certificate based on the status in the stapled response.

To enable OCSP responder, you need to set up an OCSP responder server that can communicate with the CA and provide OCSP responses to clients. The OCSP responder server needs to have a valid certificate that has an OCSP signing extension, which allows it to sign OCSP responses on behalf of the CA. The web client needs to have a trusted root certificate that can verify the signature of the OCSP response, and accept or reject the certificate based on the status in the OCSP response.

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5 What are the advantages and disadvantages of OCSP stapling and OCSP responder?

OCSP stapling and OCSP responder both have their own benefits and drawbacks compared to CRLs and each other. For instance, OCSP stapling reduces the load on the CA and the OCSP responder, as the web server handles the certificate status requests from clients. It also improves privacy, as clients do not reveal their browsing activity to the CA or the OCSP responder. However, it requires the web server to obtain and store the stapled response for each certificate, which can increase its memory and CPU usage. On the other hand, OCSP responder allows clients to request the status of any certificate, not just the one presented by the web server. This allows them to have more control over the freshness and trustworthiness of the OCSP response, but it can introduce an additional latency and overhead for each certificate validation. Furthermore, it exposes clients' browsing activity to the OCSP responder, which can pose a privacy risk or a target for attacks.

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Dr Daniel Robert W.

Happy to announce that I am now acting as an Advocate for the European Heart Health Network, based our of the United Kingdom.
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You can NEVER have too much authentication for any PKI solution. The more, the better! When it comes to security, one MUST be able to trust any Certificate issued.

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How do you update and renew your PKI certificates with OCSP stapling and OCSP responder?

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1 What is OCSP stapling?

2 What is OCSP responder?

3 Why use OCSP stapling or OCSP responder?

4 How to enable OCSP stapling or OCSP responder?

5 What are the advantages and disadvantages of OCSP stapling and OCSP responder?

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